{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883412488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2018.2851020","title":"A Coherent Multilayer Simulator of Radargrams Acquired by Radar Sounder Instruments","display_name":"A Coherent Multilayer Simulator of Radargrams Acquired by Radar Sounder Instruments","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883412488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2018.2851020","mag":"2883412488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2018.2851020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2018.2851020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028965348","display_name":"Christopher Gerekos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-1249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Gerekos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006297130","display_name":"Alessandro Tamponi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Tamponi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044918784","display_name":"Leonardo Carrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4599-7900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Carrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019769453","display_name":"Davide Castelletti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0994-8976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Castelletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037405899","display_name":"Massimo Santoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Santoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006095323","display_name":"Lorenzo Bruzzone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-459X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Bruzzone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028965348"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93008998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"12","first_page":"7388","last_page":"7404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7737802863121033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7348294258117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.5693048238754272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5647708773612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mars-exploration-program","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","score":0.542794406414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.4978206157684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4900175631046295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.4893278479576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.43828949332237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-horizon","display_name":"Radar horizon","score":0.43205004930496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3351897597312927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2522611916065216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1799468696117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07383117079734802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7737802863121033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7348294258117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.5693048238754272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5647708773612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.542794406414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4978206157684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4900175631046295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4893278479576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.43828949332237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131493965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279983","display_name":"Radar horizon","level":5,"score":0.43205004930496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3351897597312927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2522611916065216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1799468696117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07383117079734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2018.2851020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2018.2851020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/217019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8419071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2062430074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ASI/INAF n. 2013-056-R.O","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322256","funder_display_name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322256","display_name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana","ror":"https://ror.org/034zgem50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1582934392","https://openalex.org/W1583532932","https://openalex.org/W1651131621","https://openalex.org/W1667661882","https://openalex.org/W1967993601","https://openalex.org/W1983441227","https://openalex.org/W1996152960","https://openalex.org/W1999669813","https://openalex.org/W2010252727","https://openalex.org/W2016201669","https://openalex.org/W2017622756","https://openalex.org/W2022341127","https://openalex.org/W2039536460","https://openalex.org/W2065533222","https://openalex.org/W2075556137","https://openalex.org/W2093811285","https://openalex.org/W2096257618","https://openalex.org/W2098737627","https://openalex.org/W2102366605","https://openalex.org/W2109093283","https://openalex.org/W2147284262","https://openalex.org/W2160619163","https://openalex.org/W2165527056","https://openalex.org/W2167753360","https://openalex.org/W2331704273","https://openalex.org/W2560134829","https://openalex.org/W2750784828","https://openalex.org/W2760673285","https://openalex.org/W3025489554","https://openalex.org/W3039083618","https://openalex.org/W4240549567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2771003132","https://openalex.org/W2105285211","https://openalex.org/W2538759015","https://openalex.org/W1596709943","https://openalex.org/W1585281834","https://openalex.org/W2130459157","https://openalex.org/W1589474306","https://openalex.org/W1614392214","https://openalex.org/W2078279439","https://openalex.org/W2006246348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliable":[0],"electromagnetic":[1],"simulators":[2],"are":[3],"of":[4,10,20,41,49,71,109,141,159,179],"prime":[5],"importance":[6],"for":[7,15],"the":[8,17,39,55,58,74,91,104,106,115,120,125,138,154,165,177,180],"design":[9],"radar":[11,36,67,139],"sounder":[12,68],"instruments":[13],"and":[14,143,151,164],"supporting":[16],"subsequent":[18],"analysis":[19],"their":[21],"data.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26],"present":[27],"a":[28,42,83,95,99,148],"coherent,":[29],"facet":[30,111],"method-based":[31],"simulator":[32],"that":[33],"can":[34],"compute":[35],"echoes":[37],"from":[38,103],"subsurface":[40,75],"target":[43],"area":[44],"with":[45,90],"an":[46],"arbitrary":[47],"number":[48],"geological":[50],"layers,":[51],"thus":[52],"going":[53],"beyond":[54],"surface-only":[56],"or":[57,98],"two-layer":[59],"descriptions":[60],"so":[61],"far":[62],"implemented":[63],"in":[64],"coherent":[65],"ray-tracing":[66,84],"simulators.":[69],"Propagation":[70],"fields":[72],"throughout":[73],"is":[76,112,127],"computed":[77,128],"according":[78],"to":[79],"Snell's":[80],"law":[81],"following":[82],"approach.":[85],"For":[86],"each":[87,110],"ray":[88,101],"interacting":[89],"surface,":[92],"be":[93],"it":[94],"direct":[96],"reflection":[97],"refracted":[100],"coming":[102],"subsurface,":[105],"phase":[107,117],"contribution":[108],"calculated":[113],"through":[114],"linear":[116],"approximation,":[118],"while":[119],"total":[121],"field":[122],"received":[123],"at":[124],"antenna":[126],"using":[129],"Huygen's":[130],"principle.":[131],"Validation":[132],"simulations":[133],"have":[134],"been":[135],"performed":[136],"against":[137],"data":[140],"lunar":[142,162],"martian":[144],"areas":[145],"characterized":[146],"by":[147,153],"multilayer":[149],"nature":[150],"collected":[152],"Lunar":[155],"Radar":[156,167],"Sounder":[157],"instrument":[158,168],"JAXA's":[160],"Kaguya":[161],"probe":[163],"Shallow":[166],"onboard":[169],"NASA's":[170],"Mars":[171],"Reconnaissance":[172],"Orbiter,":[173],"respectively.":[174],"Results":[175],"confirm":[176],"effectiveness":[178],"proposed":[181],"simulator.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
