{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2796338532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2018.2815592","title":"Adaptive Ship Detection in Hybrid-Polarimetric SAR Images Based on the Power\u2013Entropy Decomposition","display_name":"Adaptive Ship Detection in Hybrid-Polarimetric SAR Images Based on the Power\u2013Entropy Decomposition","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2796338532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2018.2815592","mag":"2796338532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2018.2815592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2018.2815592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069548273","display_name":"Gui Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-5829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-5829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061122409","display_name":"Sheng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-3547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123164","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xy6bg05","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia CDC, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia CDC, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103638801","display_name":"Juan He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069185332","display_name":"Gaosheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-1428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaosheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-1428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.7788,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99036774,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"9","first_page":"5394","last_page":"5407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6417392492294312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5862855315208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5554684400558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.5483825206756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.5267754793167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5202042460441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5189297199249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.5055572986602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.47071024775505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3977659344673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2582330107688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2436751425266266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2189941108226776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20217859745025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.18604469299316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07964840531349182}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6417392492294312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5862855315208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5554684400558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.5483825206756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.5267754793167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5202042460441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5189297199249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.5055572986602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.47071024775505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3977659344673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2582330107688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2436751425266266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2189941108226776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20217859745025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18604469299316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07964840531349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2018.2815592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2018.2815592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G382701872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JQ14-04-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","funder_display_name":"National University of Defense Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5920701603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016JJ1004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6273125517","display_name":"\u591a\u901a\u9053SAR\u5730\u9762\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ee\u6807\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41171316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142575998","https://openalex.org/W258373022","https://openalex.org/W346245178","https://openalex.org/W1538058927","https://openalex.org/W1843853251","https://openalex.org/W1916495590","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1967791380","https://openalex.org/W1968632379","https://openalex.org/W1970582325","https://openalex.org/W1999695055","https://openalex.org/W2007695941","https://openalex.org/W2017446360","https://openalex.org/W2017451641","https://openalex.org/W2019577066","https://openalex.org/W2021071797","https://openalex.org/W2026512191","https://openalex.org/W2036906990","https://openalex.org/W2039663968","https://openalex.org/W2041064454","https://openalex.org/W2045974424","https://openalex.org/W2049197221","https://openalex.org/W2061438449","https://openalex.org/W2064995156","https://openalex.org/W2083680656","https://openalex.org/W2089168597","https://openalex.org/W2093761294","https://openalex.org/W2096223773","https://openalex.org/W2101690226","https://openalex.org/W2108251035","https://openalex.org/W2113891352","https://openalex.org/W2120066054","https://openalex.org/W2124095897","https://openalex.org/W2127611757","https://openalex.org/W2128329281","https://openalex.org/W2148770922","https://openalex.org/W2252825410","https://openalex.org/W2333312646","https://openalex.org/W2337963335","https://openalex.org/W2344538955","https://openalex.org/W2345580972","https://openalex.org/W2460132207","https://openalex.org/W2519989249","https://openalex.org/W2565960758","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6605852207","https://openalex.org/W6609658657","https://openalex.org/W6611632055","https://openalex.org/W6672690920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388326001","https://openalex.org/W2115015615","https://openalex.org/W2351401443","https://openalex.org/W3011102797","https://openalex.org/W4320921117","https://openalex.org/W2431104759","https://openalex.org/W1649651896","https://openalex.org/W2317958419","https://openalex.org/W2116961228","https://openalex.org/W3173283069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0,62],"on":[1,63,150,182],"its":[2,101],"advantages,":[3],"compact":[4],"polarimetric":[5,169],"(CP)":[6],"synthetic":[7],"aperture":[8],"radar":[9],"(SAR)":[10],"is":[11,60,89,121,154,218],"considered":[12],"to":[13,42],"be":[14,107],"a":[15,52,134,140,219],"good":[16],"option":[17],"for":[18,109,124,222],"earth":[19],"observations.":[20],"This":[21],"paper":[22],"proposes":[23],"an":[24,90],"adaptive":[25,143],"method":[26,180],"of":[27,45,68,127,130,137,176,225,229],"ship":[28,99,110],"detection":[29,111],"in":[30,35],"CP":[31],"SAR":[32,114],"images":[33],"operating":[34],"the":[36,43,69,72,86,95,98,125,142,151,172,177,183,187,195,198,202,211,216,223,226,231],"hybrid-polarimetric":[37],"(HP)":[38],"mode.":[39],"First,":[40],"according":[41],"analysis":[44],"scattering":[46,70,74,79],"between":[47,97],"ships":[48],"and":[49,77,100,103,165,174,190,213,233],"sea":[50,131],"background,":[51],"novel":[53],"decomposition":[54],"approach,":[55,65],"named":[56],"power-entropy":[57],"(PE)":[58],"decomposition,":[59],"developed.":[61],"this":[64],"two":[66],"components":[67],"power,":[71],"high-entropy":[73],"amplitude":[75],"(HESA)":[76],"low-entropy":[78],"amplitude,":[80],"are":[81],"separated.":[82],"We":[83],"demonstrate":[84],"that":[85,194],"HESA":[87,128,152,184,196,232],"component":[88],"effective":[91],"physical":[92],"quantity":[93],"indicating":[94],"difference":[96],"background":[102],"hence":[104],"can":[105],"potentially":[106],"used":[108],"using":[112,158],"HP":[113,159],"data.":[115],"The":[116],"generalized":[117],"Gamma":[118],"distribution":[119],"(G\u0393D)":[120],"found":[122],"suitable":[123],"characterization":[126],"statistics":[129],"clutter":[132],"with":[133],"wide":[135],"range":[136],"homogeneity.":[138],"As":[139],"result,":[141],"constant":[144],"false-alarm":[145],"rate":[146],"(CFAR)":[147],"technique":[148],"based":[149,181],"detector":[153],"proposed.":[155],"Experiments":[156],"performed":[157],"measurements":[160],"emulated":[161],"from":[162],"L-band":[163],"ALOS-PALSAR":[164],"C-band":[166],"RADARSAT-2":[167],"full":[168],"data":[170],"validate":[171],"soundness":[173],"superiority":[175],"proposed":[178],"CFAR":[179],"detector.":[185],"Both":[186],"theoretical":[188],"proof":[189],"experimental":[191],"results":[192],"show":[193],"improves":[197],"ship-sea":[199],"contrast":[200],"(or":[201],"signal-clutter":[203],"ratio)":[204],"more":[205],"than":[206],"popular":[207],"detectors,":[208],"such":[209],"as":[210],"entropy":[212],"SPAN.":[214],"Moreover,":[215],"G\u0393D":[217],"versatile":[220],"model":[221],"description":[224],"statistical":[227],"behavior":[228],"both":[230],"comparable":[234],"detectors.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
