{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2774160291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2773080","title":"Reconstruction of High-Contrast Proppant in Hydraulic Fractures With Galvanic Measurements","display_name":"Reconstruction of High-Contrast Proppant in Hydraulic Fractures With Galvanic Measurements","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2774160291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2773080","mag":"2774160291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2773080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2773080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yunyun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-8072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-8072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011311993","display_name":"Yuan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-5383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017825250","display_name":"Douglas LaBrecque","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095172","display_name":"Multi-Phase Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kj8fh75","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095172"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas LaBrecque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multi-Phase Technologies, LLC, Sparks, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multi-Phase Technologies, LLC, Sparks, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029327823","display_name":"Mohsen Ahmadian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0643-4419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288783943","display_name":"Bureau of Economic Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/03b17a012","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288783943","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095908","display_name":"Advanced Energy (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs9dy63","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095908"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928371","display_name":"Bureau of Economic Geology","ror":"https://ror.org/034bxn811","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928371","https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Ahmadian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Energy Consortium, Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0643-4419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Energy Consortium, Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288783943","https://openalex.org/I4210095908","https://openalex.org/I4403928371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345153","display_name":"Qing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-4423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Huo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-4423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8327,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90127368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"4","first_page":"2066","last_page":"2073"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6691972017288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-fracturing","display_name":"Hydraulic fracturing","score":0.5356122851371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductivity","display_name":"Conductivity","score":0.5021779537200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coring","display_name":"Coring","score":0.4747771918773651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.44616854190826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.44234925508499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralogy","display_name":"Mineralogy","score":0.33452725410461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2950442433357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.21178880333900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drilling","display_name":"Drilling","score":0.1542753279209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12134608626365662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6691972017288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779096232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890794","display_name":"Hydraulic fracturing","level":2,"score":0.5356122851371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.5021779537200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6385141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170558","display_name":"Coring","level":3,"score":0.4747771918773651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.44616854190826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.44234925508499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.33452725410461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2950442433357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21178880333900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25197100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890886","display_name":"Drilling","level":2,"score":0.1542753279209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12134608626365662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2773080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2773080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3941132993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BEG11-002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307816","funder_display_name":"Shell"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307816","display_name":"Shell","ror":"https://ror.org/00b5m4j81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504440359","https://openalex.org/W1535897196","https://openalex.org/W1540244319","https://openalex.org/W1987782744","https://openalex.org/W1989896884","https://openalex.org/W1993330114","https://openalex.org/W2002319705","https://openalex.org/W2002340962","https://openalex.org/W2004251455","https://openalex.org/W2015181520","https://openalex.org/W2018446638","https://openalex.org/W2020457019","https://openalex.org/W2023821944","https://openalex.org/W2024330973","https://openalex.org/W2030953151","https://openalex.org/W2031086535","https://openalex.org/W2052349748","https://openalex.org/W2062701718","https://openalex.org/W2069118714","https://openalex.org/W2072229499","https://openalex.org/W2080296812","https://openalex.org/W2088213824","https://openalex.org/W2098442601","https://openalex.org/W2098958080","https://openalex.org/W2103093627","https://openalex.org/W2103912007","https://openalex.org/W2107402885","https://openalex.org/W2109622333","https://openalex.org/W2119293669","https://openalex.org/W2144781999","https://openalex.org/W2150974273","https://openalex.org/W2151781321","https://openalex.org/W2154637717","https://openalex.org/W2155314468","https://openalex.org/W2172151007","https://openalex.org/W2287797670","https://openalex.org/W2299937923","https://openalex.org/W2345050209","https://openalex.org/W2519439775","https://openalex.org/W2549295621","https://openalex.org/W2551170338","https://openalex.org/W2552398073","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6677093974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386566905","https://openalex.org/W2382310363","https://openalex.org/W2802812426","https://openalex.org/W2365759049","https://openalex.org/W2387236160","https://openalex.org/W2363252719","https://openalex.org/W1993013270","https://openalex.org/W824863089","https://openalex.org/W2802757814","https://openalex.org/W2392417313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hydraulic":[0],"fracturing":[1,40,176],"is":[2,95,156,170],"a":[3,13,16,24,135],"technique":[4],"to":[5,22,50,61,77,97,107,130,148,158,173,218,241],"fracture":[6,122,133,151,161,190,210,244],"rocks":[7],"by":[8,45],"pumping":[9],"high-pressure":[10],"fluid":[11],"into":[12],"segment":[14],"of":[15,38,54,111,222],"well.":[17],"The":[18,64,167,189,208],"created":[19,87],"fractures":[20],"help":[21],"release":[23],"hydrocarbon":[25],"resource":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"oil":[29],"or":[30],"natural":[31],"gas":[32],"from":[33],"the":[34,46,52,56,86,109,112,116,124,132,141,150,153,160,198,203,215,220,223,231,235,243],"rock.":[35],"A":[36],"group":[37],"small-scaled":[39],"field":[41,177],"tests":[42,178],"are":[43,67,128,194,212,239],"performed":[44],"Advanced":[47],"Energy":[48],"Consortium":[49],"investigate":[51],"feasibility":[53],"using":[55],"galvanic":[57,236],"electromagnetic":[58],"(EM)":[59],"method":[60,94,169],"map":[62,85,149],"fractures.":[63,105],"injected":[65,180],"proppants":[66],"designed":[68,117,142],"with":[69,179,214],"high":[70],"EM":[71,92],"contrasts":[72],"(e.g.,":[73],"conductivity":[74,100,164,191],"and":[75,101,115,152,165,186,192,205,234,246],"permittivity)":[76],"generate":[78],"detectable":[79],"signals":[80,200],"at":[81],"electrode-type":[82],"sensors.":[83],"To":[84],"fractures,":[88],"an":[89],"efficient":[90],"3-D":[91],"inversion":[93,113,154,168,224],"introduced":[96],"simultaneously":[98],"reconstruct":[99,131,159],"permittivity":[102,193],"profiles":[103,211],"in":[104,162],"First,":[106],"test":[108],"capability":[110],"solver":[114,155,238],"experimental":[118,143,232],"setting":[119,144,233],"for":[120],"successful":[121],"mapping,":[123],"noise-polluted":[125],"synthetic":[126],"data":[127],"used":[129,147],"on":[134,197],"theoretical":[136],"model.":[137],"It":[138],"shows":[139],"that":[140,230],"can":[145],"be":[146],"able":[157,240],"both":[163],"permittivity.":[166],"then":[171],"applied":[172],"two":[174],"hydraulic":[175],"high-contrast":[181],"proppants,":[182],"Loresco":[183],"coke":[184],"breeze":[185],"steel":[187],"shot.":[188],"reconstructed":[195,209],"based":[196],"voltage":[199],"difference":[201],"between":[202],"postfracturing":[204],"prefracturing":[206],"data.":[207],"compared":[213],"coring":[216],"samplings":[217],"show":[219],"reliability":[221],"results.":[225],"Their":[226],"good":[227],"agreement":[228],"demonstrates":[229],"inverse":[237],"estimate":[242],"size":[245],"location":[247],"reliably.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}