{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772623520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2763089","title":"A Compound-Plus-Noise Model for Improved Vessel Detection in Non-Gaussian SAR Imagery","display_name":"A Compound-Plus-Noise Model for Improved Vessel Detection in Non-Gaussian SAR Imagery","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772623520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2763089","mag":"2772623520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2763089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2763089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059672946","display_name":"Christoph H. Gierull","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5413-1418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297460800","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgy8d33","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800","https://openalex.org/I1336338359","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph H. Gierull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa Research Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5413-1418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa Research Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016787274","display_name":"Ishuwa Sikaneta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297460800","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgy8d33","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800","https://openalex.org/I1336338359","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishuwa Sikaneta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa Research Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa Research Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96396359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"1444","last_page":"1453"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7249197363853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.7127090692520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.7030495405197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5492527484893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.47623947262763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.4714171588420868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4642793536186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.449706494808197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.4395250976085663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4365634024143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4074370265007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38513052463531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3400105834007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.28718510270118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16384238004684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15045958757400513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13398799300193787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7249197363853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.7127090692520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.7030495405197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5492527484893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.47623947262763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.4714171588420868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4642793536186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.449706494808197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.4395250976085663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4365634024143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4074370265007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38513052463531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3400105834007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.28718510270118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16384238004684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15045958757400513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13398799300193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2763089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2763089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142575998","https://openalex.org/W1538557959","https://openalex.org/W1972566602","https://openalex.org/W1993351044","https://openalex.org/W1996205700","https://openalex.org/W2001546612","https://openalex.org/W2004491818","https://openalex.org/W2008766550","https://openalex.org/W2011297298","https://openalex.org/W2025162999","https://openalex.org/W2033769052","https://openalex.org/W2059104491","https://openalex.org/W2066599741","https://openalex.org/W2072800914","https://openalex.org/W2075894942","https://openalex.org/W2076063977","https://openalex.org/W2087198915","https://openalex.org/W2094842984","https://openalex.org/W2097643305","https://openalex.org/W2108349280","https://openalex.org/W2114404954","https://openalex.org/W2117246123","https://openalex.org/W2119667080","https://openalex.org/W2132617208","https://openalex.org/W2133504205","https://openalex.org/W2140515654","https://openalex.org/W2147004337","https://openalex.org/W2159887279","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2204289283","https://openalex.org/W2244987135","https://openalex.org/W2313063541","https://openalex.org/W2333004889","https://openalex.org/W2540921801","https://openalex.org/W2554768269","https://openalex.org/W2590170153","https://openalex.org/W2596599701","https://openalex.org/W3147291723","https://openalex.org/W6605852207","https://openalex.org/W6653460272","https://openalex.org/W6688170574","https://openalex.org/W6730021292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388326001","https://openalex.org/W3011102797","https://openalex.org/W4320921117","https://openalex.org/W2351401443","https://openalex.org/W2115015615","https://openalex.org/W1968850503","https://openalex.org/W1649651896","https://openalex.org/W2116961228","https://openalex.org/W1952514008","https://openalex.org/W4387803549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"commonly":[1],"applied":[2],"K-distribution":[3,160],"to":[4,35,59,75,155],"model":[5,111,128,151,162],"the":[6,13,19,39,47,50,61,77,94,114,147,153,157],"synthetic":[7],"aperture":[8],"radar":[9],"image":[10],"amplitude":[11],"of":[12,52,63,80,97,163],"heterogeneous":[14],"(non-Gaussian)":[15],"sea":[16,109,149],"surface":[17],"as":[18,161],"basis":[20],"for":[21,31,165],"vessel":[22],"detection":[23],"has":[24,152],"shown":[25],"deficiencies":[26],"in":[27,46,119],"practical":[28],"cases,":[29],"particularly":[30],"space-based":[32],"systems.":[33],"Due":[34],"a":[36,69,98,106],"deviation":[37],"between":[38],"K-probability":[40],"density":[41],"function":[42],"and":[43,122,142],"measured":[44],"histograms":[45],"tails,":[48],"even":[49],"inclusion":[51],"thermal":[53],"noise":[54],"is":[55],"oftentimes":[56],"not":[57],"sufficient":[58],"cover":[60],"range":[62],"environments":[64,121],"that":[65,112],"are":[66],"expected.":[67],"As":[68],"consequence,":[70],"virtually":[71],"all":[72],"detectors":[73],"try":[74],"reduce":[76],"large":[78],"number":[79],"obtained":[81],"false":[82,100],"detections":[83],"by":[84],"relying":[85],"on":[86],"rather":[87],"heuristic":[88],"postprocessing":[89],"steps.":[90],"Consequently,":[91],"they":[92],"forfeit":[93],"crucial":[95],"property":[96],"constant":[99],"alarm":[101],"rate.":[102],"This":[103,126],"paper":[104],"proposes":[105],"novel":[107],"statistical":[108],"clutter":[110],"describes":[113],"data":[115,150],"more":[116],"accurately,":[117],"especially":[118],"challenging":[120],"thermal-noise":[123],"limited":[124],"cases.":[125],"new":[127],"stands":[129],"out":[130],"through":[131],"its":[132],"numerical":[133],"simplicity,":[134],"permitting":[135],"efficient":[136],"parameter":[137],"adaptation":[138],"thereby":[139],"enhancing":[140],"robustness":[141],"reducing":[143],"computational":[144],"complexity.":[145],"Accordingly,":[146],"presented":[148],"potential":[154],"replace":[156],"widely":[158],"adopted":[159],"choice":[164],"future":[166],"operational":[167],"applications.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
