{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2745665763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2735993","title":"A Modified Three-Step Algorithm for TOPS and Sliding Spotlight SAR Data Processing","display_name":"A Modified Three-Step Algorithm for TOPS and Sliding Spotlight SAR Data Processing","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2745665763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2735993","mag":"2745665763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2735993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2735993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110139048","display_name":"Wei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-3901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-3901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-1849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-1849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062908102","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2968-2888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704036","display_name":"Pengbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6364-9806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440503","display_name":"Chunsheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-9078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunsheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.6575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99481578,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"12","first_page":"6910","last_page":"6921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7554606199264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7507908344268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.683026909828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5841884613037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aliasing","display_name":"Aliasing","score":0.5698248147964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4562254548072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.44109246134757996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.430563747882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4292847514152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.24620294570922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16321241855621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10030192136764526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7554606199264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7507908344268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.683026909828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5841884613037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4069607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868732","display_name":"Aliasing","level":3,"score":0.5698248147964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4562254548072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.44109246134757996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.430563747882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4292847514152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.24620294570922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16321241855621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10030192136764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136536468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225894","display_name":"Undersampling","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2735993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2735993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:120835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4193178343","display_name":"SAR\u4fe1\u606f\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u53c2\u6570\u53cd\u6f14","funder_award_id":"61132006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7188442148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61628101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8860664836","display_name":"\u957f\u6ce2\u957f\u661f\u8f7d\u68ee\u6797\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u89c2\u6d4bSAR\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u6548\u5e94\u8865\u507f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61171123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178471668","https://openalex.org/W238543809","https://openalex.org/W357677209","https://openalex.org/W1546983088","https://openalex.org/W1905336297","https://openalex.org/W1963626364","https://openalex.org/W1966775605","https://openalex.org/W1969770368","https://openalex.org/W2011673809","https://openalex.org/W2015032584","https://openalex.org/W2042706080","https://openalex.org/W2049734132","https://openalex.org/W2070538293","https://openalex.org/W2075543610","https://openalex.org/W2076186665","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2096674459","https://openalex.org/W2100123951","https://openalex.org/W2101211288","https://openalex.org/W2103030298","https://openalex.org/W2114152188","https://openalex.org/W2116246712","https://openalex.org/W2117740523","https://openalex.org/W2120024360","https://openalex.org/W2130928328","https://openalex.org/W2138038546","https://openalex.org/W2138366711","https://openalex.org/W2138542190","https://openalex.org/W2139176447","https://openalex.org/W2145528816","https://openalex.org/W2146217675","https://openalex.org/W2148049860","https://openalex.org/W2149010928","https://openalex.org/W2153335131","https://openalex.org/W2156606791","https://openalex.org/W2158614875","https://openalex.org/W2161208433","https://openalex.org/W2163794045","https://openalex.org/W2174009612","https://openalex.org/W2205808714","https://openalex.org/W2344580037","https://openalex.org/W2514035666","https://openalex.org/W2516269052","https://openalex.org/W2546715995","https://openalex.org/W2547904796","https://openalex.org/W6607348972","https://openalex.org/W6632642411","https://openalex.org/W6639849549","https://openalex.org/W6681256287","https://openalex.org/W6688100743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068843146","https://openalex.org/W2010341259","https://openalex.org/W2462749609","https://openalex.org/W1998424290","https://openalex.org/W3142476158","https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2585813813","https://openalex.org/W2041414401","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2096748030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,184],"two":[2],"challenges":[3],"for":[4,33,46,93,128,153],"efficient":[5],"processing":[6,94],"of":[7,68,141],"both":[8,178],"the":[9,26,38,42,60,66,76,81,95,102,114,121,132,137,142,154,158,188],"sliding":[10,96],"spotlight":[11,97],"and":[12,63,71,98,135,181],"terrain":[13],"observation":[14],"by":[15,164,169],"progressive":[16],"scans":[17],"(TOPS)":[18],"data":[19,180,183],"using":[20],"full-aperture":[21],"algorithms.":[22],"First,":[23],"to":[24,55,151,186],"overcome":[25],"Doppler":[27],"spectrum":[28],"aliasing,":[29],"zero-padding":[30],"is":[31,91,108,126,149,167],"required":[32],"azimuth":[34,43,56,72],"up":[35],"sampling,":[36],"increasing":[37],"computation":[39],"burden;":[40],"second,":[41],"deramp":[44,148,166],"operation":[45],"avoiding":[47,118],"synthetic":[48],"aperture":[49],"radar":[50],"(SAR)":[51],"image":[52,160],"folding":[53],"leads":[54],"time":[57,155],"shift":[58],"along":[59],"range":[61],"dimension,":[62],"in":[64,80,110,131,136],"turn":[65],"appearance":[67],"ghost":[69],"targets":[70],"resolution":[73],"reduction":[74],"at":[75],"scene":[77],"edge,":[78],"especially":[79],"wide-swath":[82],"case.":[83],"In":[84,101],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"a":[87,105,146,171],"novel":[88],"three-step":[89],"algorithm":[90,124],"proposed":[92,189],"TOPS":[99],"data.":[100],"first":[103],"step,":[104,139],"modified":[106],"derotation":[107],"derived":[109],"detail":[111],"based":[112,176],"on":[113,177],"chirp":[115,122],"z-transform":[116],"(CZT),":[117],"zero-padding;":[119],"then,":[120],"scaling":[123],"kernel":[125],"adopted":[127],"precise":[129],"focusing":[130],"second":[133],"step;":[134],"third":[138],"instead":[140],"traditional":[143],"range-independent":[144],"deramp,":[145],"range-dependent":[147,165,172],"applied":[150],"compensate":[152],"shift.":[156],"Moreover,":[157],"SAR":[159],"geometry":[161],"distortion":[162],"caused":[163],"corrected":[168],"employing":[170],"CZT.":[173],"Experimental":[174],"results":[175],"simulated":[179],"real":[182],"provided":[185],"validate":[187],"algorithm.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
