{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2739430201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2721442","title":"Refraction Correction of Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Based on Sea Surface Profile and Ray Tracing","display_name":"Refraction Correction of Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Based on Sea Surface Profile and Ray Tracing","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2739430201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2721442","mag":"2739430201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2721442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2721442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052585023","display_name":"Fanlin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7934-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fanlin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Technology on Island and Reef, NASG, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Technology on Island and Reef, NASG, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045908933","display_name":"Dianpeng Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-537X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianpeng Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-537X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603837","display_name":"Yue Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-8650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-8650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046905409","display_name":"Chengkai Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9572-5861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengkai Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007421069","display_name":"Anxiu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4717-3411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anxiu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060625066","display_name":"Mingwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-3311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052585023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4624,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87863496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"11","first_page":"6141","last_page":"6149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9498000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bathymetry","display_name":"Bathymetry","score":0.8662445545196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7031588554382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6757777333259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6189833283424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refraction","display_name":"Refraction","score":0.5768725275993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.48802319169044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.4840623438358307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-sounding","display_name":"Depth sounding","score":0.473369300365448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.473045289516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.421806275844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1570570468902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09005346894264221}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174943157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810826","display_name":"Bathymetry","level":2,"score":0.8662445545196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7031588554382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6757777333259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6189833283424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205318122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72277","display_name":"Refraction","level":2,"score":0.5768725275993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.48802319169044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4840623438358307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55510283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382947","display_name":"Depth sounding","level":2,"score":0.473369300365448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.473045289516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.421806275844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1570570468902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09005346894264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2721442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2721442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2361493511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41376108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6960112158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016M600612","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7941803544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41506210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W309735709","https://openalex.org/W1518444024","https://openalex.org/W1525646248","https://openalex.org/W1578482012","https://openalex.org/W1712042878","https://openalex.org/W1967368049","https://openalex.org/W1972822801","https://openalex.org/W1987531932","https://openalex.org/W2013482564","https://openalex.org/W2019338616","https://openalex.org/W2027322285","https://openalex.org/W2027432767","https://openalex.org/W2033716204","https://openalex.org/W2035312296","https://openalex.org/W2045404261","https://openalex.org/W2045823573","https://openalex.org/W2050821102","https://openalex.org/W2053652577","https://openalex.org/W2062939783","https://openalex.org/W2065524573","https://openalex.org/W2072525368","https://openalex.org/W2073261283","https://openalex.org/W2075828063","https://openalex.org/W2100201215","https://openalex.org/W2104805498","https://openalex.org/W2106204632","https://openalex.org/W2106335216","https://openalex.org/W2140205458","https://openalex.org/W2171524924","https://openalex.org/W2187602572","https://openalex.org/W2335811736","https://openalex.org/W2480647310","https://openalex.org/W2605473822","https://openalex.org/W4234337955","https://openalex.org/W4300755956","https://openalex.org/W6687102742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4391311960","https://openalex.org/W2793357704","https://openalex.org/W4386617716","https://openalex.org/W2184765375","https://openalex.org/W3152163876","https://openalex.org/W1992543912","https://openalex.org/W2746029584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Water":[0],"depth":[1],"can":[2,185],"be":[3],"measured":[4,37],"using":[5,80],"airborne":[6],"LiDAR":[7],"bathymetry":[8],"(ALB).":[9],"However,":[10],"when":[11],"the":[12,18,21,27,33,36,49,54,64,73,77,81,87,92,95,99,103,115,125,130,137,148,151,160,168,171,188,192],"green":[13],"laser":[14,28,82,104,111],"beam":[15],"passes":[16],"through":[17],"air-water":[19,50,116],"interface,":[20],"sea":[22,55,66,88,96],"surface":[23,56,67,97],"slope":[24],"greatly":[25],"affects":[26],"propagation":[29],"path,":[30],"significantly":[31],"influencing":[32],"accuracy":[34,190],"of":[35,94,102,191],"seafloor":[38],"topography.":[39],"To":[40],"reduce":[41],"its":[42],"influence,":[43],"a":[44,142],"refraction":[45,149,169],"correction":[46],"method":[47,120,184],"at":[48,114],"interface":[51],"based":[52,71],"on":[53,72,91],"profile":[57,68],"and":[58,76,134,159,173,178],"ray":[59],"tracing":[60,109],"is":[61,69,121,156,164],"proposed.":[62],"First,":[63],"3-D":[65],"fit":[70],"least-squares":[74],"criteria":[75],"wave":[78],"spectrum,":[79],"point":[83],"data":[84,127,139],"reflected":[85],"by":[86,108,136,141],"surface.":[89],"Then,":[90],"basis":[93],"slope,":[98],"geolocation":[100],"biases":[101],"points":[105],"are":[106],"corrected":[107],"every":[110],"transmission":[112],"path":[113],"interface.":[117],"The":[118,182],"developed":[119,183],"used":[122],"to":[123,176],"correct":[124],"ALB":[126,193],"collected":[128],"in":[129],"South":[131],"China":[132],"Sea,":[133],"verified":[135],"topography":[138],"captured":[140],"ship-borne":[143],"multibeam":[144],"echo":[145],"sounder.":[146],"Before":[147],"correction,":[150,170],"mean":[152],"absolute":[153],"error":[154,162],"(MAE)":[155],"14.2":[157],"cm,":[158,180],"root-mean-square":[161],"(RMSE)":[163],"17.5":[165],"cm.":[166],"After":[167],"MAE":[172],"RMSE":[174],"decrease":[175],"7.2":[177],"8.3":[179],"respectively.":[181],"effectively":[186],"improve":[187],"bathymetric":[189],"data.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
