{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2765634250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2717340","title":"Verification of the Virtual Bandwidth SAR Scheme for Centimetric Resolution Subsurface Imaging From Space","display_name":"Verification of the Virtual Bandwidth SAR Scheme for Centimetric Resolution Subsurface Imaging From Space","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2765634250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2717340","mag":"2765634250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2717340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2717340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080643908","display_name":"Alexander Edwards-Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-9913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123127","display_name":"Baker Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03b20q825","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Edwards-Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Electronic Warfare, Cranfield University, Swindon, U.K","Martin-Baker, Oxfordshire, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-9913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Electronic Warfare, Cranfield University, Swindon, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martin-Baker, Oxfordshire, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058742287","display_name":"Keith Morrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-0316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Morrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-0316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028187774","display_name":"Simon Zwieback","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-6046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA","CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Zwieback","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guelph University, Guelph, ON, Canada","Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-6046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guelph University, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053177233","display_name":"Irena Hajnsek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-3283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irena Hajnsek","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, Microwaves and Radar Institute, Wessling, Germany","Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Microwaves and Radar Institute, Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6874091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7966271638870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7372662425041199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.6571519374847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.6417236924171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5648775696754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5471242666244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5037981867790222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4423922896385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-looking-airborne-radar","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","score":0.43720319867134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.34739550948143005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3239648938179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.11199840903282166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7966271638870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7372662425041199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.6571519374847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.6417236924171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5648775696754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.5471242666244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5037981867790222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4423922896385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62282787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831483","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","level":5,"score":0.43720319867134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.34739550948143005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3239648938179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.11199840903282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2717340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2717340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:116236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/116236/1/08070438.pdf","pdf_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/116236/1/08070438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"},{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:73209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90007799.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320343","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553350383","https://openalex.org/W1981365660","https://openalex.org/W1997614240","https://openalex.org/W2016439390","https://openalex.org/W2016624692","https://openalex.org/W2022328678","https://openalex.org/W2025969570","https://openalex.org/W2065349965","https://openalex.org/W2068835728","https://openalex.org/W2069756757","https://openalex.org/W2076794619","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2091160864","https://openalex.org/W2097528377","https://openalex.org/W2114569030","https://openalex.org/W2116325840","https://openalex.org/W2133013453","https://openalex.org/W2137739399","https://openalex.org/W2159536874","https://openalex.org/W2163470201","https://openalex.org/W2169591285","https://openalex.org/W2219995343","https://openalex.org/W2543446460","https://openalex.org/W2914948879","https://openalex.org/W6689121273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112228652","https://openalex.org/W1994788526","https://openalex.org/W2108352898","https://openalex.org/W2108697546","https://openalex.org/W2383271330","https://openalex.org/W2547107543","https://openalex.org/W2031673444","https://openalex.org/W2758958237","https://openalex.org/W1984071739","https://openalex.org/W2157054954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,143,166],"paper":[1,167],"presents":[2],"the":[3,8,51,73,76,101,104,123,127,134,140,171,175,182],"first":[4],"experimental":[5],"demonstration":[6],"of":[7,58,72,84,90,146,154,160,174,187],"virtual":[9],"bandwidth":[10],"synthetic":[11],"aperture":[12],"radar":[13,35,60],"(VB-SAR)":[14],"imaging":[15,23,38],"scheme.":[16,142],"VB-SAR":[17,141,148,176],"is":[18],"a":[19,59,63,82,91,95,151,158],"newly":[20],"developed":[21],"subsurface":[22],"technique":[24,177],"which,":[25],"in":[26,100],"stark":[27],"contrast":[28],"to":[29,67,133,184],"traditional":[30],"close":[31],"proximity":[32],"ground":[33],"penetrating":[34],"schemes,":[36],"promises":[37],"from":[39,157],"remote":[40],"standoff":[41],"platforms":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44],"aircraft":[45],"and":[46,113,180],"satellites.":[47],"It":[48],"specifically":[49],"exploits":[50],"differential":[52],"interferometric":[53],"SAR":[54],"(DInSAR)":[55],"phase":[56],"history":[57],"wave":[61],"within":[62],"drying":[64,135],"soil":[65,77,93,105],"volume":[66],"generate":[68],"high-resolution":[69,147],"vertical":[70,152,162],"maps":[71],"scattering":[74],"through":[75],"volume.":[78],"For":[79],"this":[80,188],"study,":[81],"stack":[83,159],"C-band":[85],"vertically":[86],"polarized":[87],"DInSAR":[88,136,164],"images":[89],"sandy":[92],"containing":[94],"buried":[96],"target":[97],"was":[98,107,130],"collected":[99],"laboratory":[102],"while":[103],"moisture":[106],"varied-first":[108],"during":[109,115],"controlled":[110],"water":[111],"addition,":[112],"then":[114,131],"subsequent":[116],"drying.":[117],"The":[118],"wetting":[119],"image":[120,137],"set":[121,138],"established":[122],"moisture-phase":[124],"relationship":[125],"for":[126],"soil,":[128],"which":[129],"applied":[132],"using":[139],"allowed":[144],"retrieval":[145],"imagery":[149],"with":[150],"discrimination":[153],"0.04":[155],"m":[156],"1-m":[161],"resolution":[163],"images.":[165],"unequivocally":[168],"shows":[169],"that":[170],"basic":[172],"principles":[173],"are":[178],"valid":[179],"opens":[181],"door":[183],"further":[185],"investigation":[186],"promising":[189],"technique.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2017-11-10T00:00:00"}
