{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766169957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2713990","title":"Upwind\u2013Downwind Asymmetry of the Sea Backscattering Normalized Radar Cross Section Versus the Skewness Function","display_name":"Upwind\u2013Downwind Asymmetry of the Sea Backscattering Normalized Radar Cross Section Versus the Skewness Function","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766169957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2713990","mag":"2766169957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2713990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2713990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030710765","display_name":"Christophe Bourlier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-4959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I234216984","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Nantes Angers Le Mans","ror":"https://ror.org/0406t3m57","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I234216984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100151","display_name":"Institut d'\u00c9lectronique et des Technologies du num\u00e9Rique","ror":"https://ror.org/013q33h79","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210100151","https://openalex.org/I56067802","https://openalex.org/I97188460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97188460","display_name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnr7b55","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97188460"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Bourlier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut d\u2019Electronique et de T\u00e9l\u00e9communications de Rennes Laboratory, LUNAM UBL Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Nantes, France","Institut d'Electronique et de T\u00e9l\u00e9communications de Rennes Laboratory, LUNAM UBL Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Nantes, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-4959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut d\u2019Electronique et de T\u00e9l\u00e9communications de Rennes Laboratory, LUNAM UBL Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100151","https://openalex.org/I97188460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut d'Electronique et de T\u00e9l\u00e9communications de Rennes Laboratory, LUNAM UBL Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I234216984","https://openalex.org/I4210100151","https://openalex.org/I97188460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030710765"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I234216984","https://openalex.org/I4210100151","https://openalex.org/I97188460"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75818276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skewness","display_name":"Skewness","score":0.9162495136260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.6656039357185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5130544900894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry","display_name":"Asymmetry","score":0.5117359161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavenumber","display_name":"Wavenumber","score":0.5076063871383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.45373597741127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.42888712882995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kurtosis","display_name":"Kurtosis","score":0.42039650678634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.4164172112941742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.41546618938446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3990750014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.39494046568870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31784921884536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.21710172295570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14201456308364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14171826839447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.09741663932800293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122342681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330828","display_name":"Skewness","level":2,"score":0.9162495136260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.6656039357185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5130544900894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.5117359161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121130766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510","display_name":"Wavenumber","level":2,"score":0.5076063871383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.45373597741127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.42888712882995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166963901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287251","display_name":"Kurtosis","level":2,"score":0.42039650678634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.4164172112941742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.41546618938446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3990750014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.39494046568870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31784921884536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.21710172295570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14201456308364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14171826839447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.09741663932800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2713990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2713990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965126265","https://openalex.org/W1971374717","https://openalex.org/W1978945112","https://openalex.org/W1987210832","https://openalex.org/W2010086826","https://openalex.org/W2010851006","https://openalex.org/W2015169755","https://openalex.org/W2030008495","https://openalex.org/W2046109728","https://openalex.org/W2046707018","https://openalex.org/W2057792838","https://openalex.org/W2058876890","https://openalex.org/W2065193377","https://openalex.org/W2071329255","https://openalex.org/W2072858605","https://openalex.org/W2073380927","https://openalex.org/W2080337061","https://openalex.org/W2095817904","https://openalex.org/W2105572471","https://openalex.org/W2108609828","https://openalex.org/W2113346395","https://openalex.org/W2126369707","https://openalex.org/W2129908294","https://openalex.org/W2131543610","https://openalex.org/W2131750671","https://openalex.org/W2136387317","https://openalex.org/W2137716337","https://openalex.org/W2144626418","https://openalex.org/W2146008987","https://openalex.org/W2149753081","https://openalex.org/W2164827310","https://openalex.org/W2165315922","https://openalex.org/W2170907756","https://openalex.org/W2316033403","https://openalex.org/W4248656856","https://openalex.org/W6699533485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225568567","https://openalex.org/W1496883226","https://openalex.org/W4297337052","https://openalex.org/W2028605949","https://openalex.org/W4286378979","https://openalex.org/W2282665605","https://openalex.org/W3216026256","https://openalex.org/W3129919015","https://openalex.org/W4390742338","https://openalex.org/W2041010645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"the":[1,13,22,27,35,38,49,53,61,64,72,75,82,85,95,99,105,114,127,130],"first-order":[2],"small":[3],"slope":[4],"approximation,":[5],"this":[6],"paper":[7],"presents":[8],"a":[9,45,110,119],"closed-form":[10],"expression":[11],"of":[12,52,94,113,129],"sea":[14,54,106],"backscattering":[15,100],"normalized":[16],"radar":[17],"cross":[18],"section":[19],"(NRCS)":[20],"versus":[21],"skewness":[23,58,86,107,131],"function":[24,132],"to":[25,125],"predict":[26],"upwind-downwind":[28],"asymmetry.":[29],"This":[30],"effect":[31],"is":[32,89,102,123],"produced":[33],"by":[34],"fact":[36],"that":[37,84,93],"surface":[39],"height":[40,55],"distribution":[41],"slightly":[42],"deviates":[43],"from":[44,104,133],"Gaussian":[46],"one.":[47],"Introducing":[48],"azimuthal":[50,65],"property":[51,83],"autocorrelation":[56],"and":[57,138],"(spatial)":[59],"functions,":[60],"integration":[62,73],"over":[63,74],"direction":[66],"can":[67,78],"be":[68,79],"done":[69,80],"analytically,":[70],"whereas":[71],"radial":[76],"distance":[77,88],"using":[81],"correlation":[87],"much":[90],"smaller":[91],"than":[92],"gravity":[96],"waves.":[97],"Then,":[98],"NRCS":[101],"expressed":[103],"spectrum":[108],"at":[109],"wavenumber":[111],"different":[112],"Bragg":[115],"wavenumber.":[116],"In":[117],"addition,":[118],"simple":[120],"inversion":[121],"algorithm":[122],"proposed":[124],"perform":[126],"parameters":[128],"experimental":[134],"data":[135],"in":[136],"C":[137],"Kubands.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
