{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2627010407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2704102","title":"High-Frequency Electromagnetic Induction Sensing of Nonmetallic Materials","display_name":"High-Frequency Electromagnetic Induction Sensing of Nonmetallic Materials","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2627010407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2704102","mag":"2627010407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2704102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2704102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070896748","display_name":"John B. Sigman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2440-8695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Brevard Sigman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2440-8695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051918495","display_name":"Benjamin E. Barrowes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4316-6564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800251061","display_name":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05wk0m864","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800251061","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin E. Barrowes","raw_affiliation_strings":["ERDC Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Signature Physics, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ERDC Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Signature Physics, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800251061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110271112","display_name":"Kevin O\u2019Neill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin O'Neill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041148361","display_name":"Yinlin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-7399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinlin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087298894","display_name":"Janet E. Simms","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141313","display_name":"Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04cyj6y78","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210141313","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet E. Simms","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I4210141313","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062194032","display_name":"Hollis H. Bennett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hollis H. Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112275973","display_name":"Donald E. Yule","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141313","display_name":"Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04cyj6y78","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210141313","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald E. Yule","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I4210141313","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049793480","display_name":"Fridon Shubitidze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9674-4810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fridon Shubitidze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91510734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"9","first_page":"5254","last_page":"5263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emi","display_name":"EMI","score":0.8252854347229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-induction","display_name":"Electromagnetic induction","score":0.554775059223175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductor","display_name":"Electrical conductor","score":0.5323997139930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-interference","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","score":0.52757728099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductivity","display_name":"Conductivity","score":0.4451594650745392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.41181617975234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.4056370258331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3951820433139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3569784462451935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3338584005832672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3257599174976349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19234460592269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.10772377252578735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43461449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495531","display_name":"EMI","level":3,"score":0.8252854347229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102130693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q988780","display_name":"Electromagnetic induction","level":3,"score":0.554775059223175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.5323997139930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.52757728099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.4451594650745392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.41181617975234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.4056370258331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3951820433139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3569784462451935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3338584005832672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3257599174976349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19234460592269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.10772377252578735}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2704102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2704102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1713658020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ONRN-00014-16-1-2332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8524362899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W913E5-15-C-0006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337538","funder_display_name":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337538","display_name":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51185322","https://openalex.org/W216601560","https://openalex.org/W1498116321","https://openalex.org/W1500697756","https://openalex.org/W1852716759","https://openalex.org/W1968948265","https://openalex.org/W2000426928","https://openalex.org/W2019653529","https://openalex.org/W2030460787","https://openalex.org/W2035378288","https://openalex.org/W2047938528","https://openalex.org/W2048305616","https://openalex.org/W2053103173","https://openalex.org/W2080170244","https://openalex.org/W2089062913","https://openalex.org/W2091080602","https://openalex.org/W2092804025","https://openalex.org/W2096927741","https://openalex.org/W2112547277","https://openalex.org/W2116922744","https://openalex.org/W2132733716","https://openalex.org/W2135338311","https://openalex.org/W2145449231","https://openalex.org/W2146729656","https://openalex.org/W2151728013","https://openalex.org/W2157058904","https://openalex.org/W2157404636","https://openalex.org/W2164348850","https://openalex.org/W2168257184","https://openalex.org/W2172021126","https://openalex.org/W2309371717","https://openalex.org/W2482379770","https://openalex.org/W3144529538","https://openalex.org/W4212811108","https://openalex.org/W4245378206","https://openalex.org/W6629902874","https://openalex.org/W6673524554","https://openalex.org/W6698617850","https://openalex.org/W6817877044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W76001227","https://openalex.org/W2349537384","https://openalex.org/W1986241886","https://openalex.org/W2041511579","https://openalex.org/W3120066331","https://openalex.org/W2549052135","https://openalex.org/W4385545073","https://openalex.org/W1921091955","https://openalex.org/W2163032211","https://openalex.org/W2587678315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,156],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,37,44,98,104],"frequency-domain":[3],"electromagnetic":[4],"induction":[5],"(EMI)":[6],"instrument":[7,102,113,166],"for":[8,41],"detection":[9],"and":[10,64,82,120,131,150,160],"classification":[11],"of":[12,53,129,138,163],"objects":[13,56],"with":[14,103,168],"either":[15],"high":[16,32],"($\\sigma":[17],"&gt;":[18],"10^{5}~\\textrm":[19,27],"{S/m}$)":[20,28],"or":[21,72],"intermediate":[22,54,80,93,176],"($1":[23],"&lt;":[24,26],"\\sigma":[25],"electrical":[29],"conductivity.":[30],"While":[31],"conductivity":[33,55,94],"metallic":[34],"targets":[35],"exhibit":[36,76],"quadrature":[38],"peak":[39],"response":[40,52],"frequencies":[42],"in":[43,78],"traditional":[45,86,139],"EMI":[46,88,100,141],"regime":[47],"under":[48],"100":[49,62],"kHz,":[50],"the":[51,126,145,148,158,164],"manifests":[57],"at":[58],"higher":[59],"frequencies,":[60],"between":[61],"kHz":[63],"15":[65,109],"MHz.":[66,110],"Materials":[67],"such":[68],"as":[69],"carbon":[70],"fiber":[71],"conducting":[73],"salt":[74],"solutions":[75],"conductivities":[77],"this":[79],"range":[81,106],"are":[83,134],"undetectable":[84],"by":[85],"low-frequency":[87],"instruments.":[89],"To":[90],"detect":[91,175],"these":[92],"targets,":[95],"we":[96],"developed":[97],"high-frequency":[99],"(HFEMI)":[101],"frequency":[105,140],"extended":[107],"to":[108,174],"The":[111],"HFEMI":[112,165],"requires":[114],"novel":[115],"hardware":[116,159],"considerations,":[117],"coil":[118],"design,":[119],"data":[121],"processing":[122],"schemes.":[123],"Most":[124],"importantly,":[125],"wire":[127],"lengths":[128],"transmit":[130,149],"receive":[132,151],"coils":[133,152],"shorter":[135],"than":[136],"those":[137],"sensors,":[142],"so":[143],"that":[144],"phase":[146],"on":[147],"is":[153],"nearly":[154],"constant.":[155],"present":[157],"software":[161],"aspects":[162],"along":[167],"preliminary":[169],"data,":[170],"demonstrating":[171],"its":[172],"ability":[173],"conductive":[177],"objects.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
