{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2613575128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2691906","title":"From Subpixel to Superpixel: A Novel Fusion Framework for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"From Subpixel to Superpixel: A Novel Fusion Framework for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2613575128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2691906","mag":"2613575128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2691906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2691906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102716602","display_name":"Ting Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-0185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ting Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6744-2186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067097659","display_name":"Shutao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-9848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shutao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-9848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065061505","display_name":"Leyuan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2351-4461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyuan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024631382","display_name":"Xiuping Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-6382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuping Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035508615","display_name":"J\u00f3n Atli Benediktsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-9647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165368041","display_name":"University of Iceland","ror":"https://ror.org/01db6h964","country_code":"IS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165368041"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon Atli Benediktsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavk, Iceland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-9647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavk, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165368041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102716602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6635,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97887152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"8","first_page":"4398","last_page":"4411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.8606357574462891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7844070196151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.778798520565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6873982548713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6678218245506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6547904014587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6468912363052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.512748122215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.47512251138687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.45865321159362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.42081597447395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.4192650020122528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41886451840400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4107006788253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32098278403282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16953718662261963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.8606357574462891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7844070196151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.778798520565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6873982548713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6678218245506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6547904014587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6468912363052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.512748122215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.47512251138687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.45865321159362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.42081597447395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.4192650020122528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41886451840400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4107006788253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32098278403282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16953718662261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2691906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2017.2691906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G835750313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61325007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G898426514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61520106001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309036","display_name":"Purdue University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322874","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W817041652","https://openalex.org/W1548953334","https://openalex.org/W1574100544","https://openalex.org/W1590946397","https://openalex.org/W1939429412","https://openalex.org/W1974981350","https://openalex.org/W1996282888","https://openalex.org/W1998030734","https://openalex.org/W2019985866","https://openalex.org/W2038577255","https://openalex.org/W2039039627","https://openalex.org/W2041100636","https://openalex.org/W2046713694","https://openalex.org/W2049444988","https://openalex.org/W2053615857","https://openalex.org/W2056621966","https://openalex.org/W2059063187","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2073459066","https://openalex.org/W2085529604","https://openalex.org/W2093126287","https://openalex.org/W2098057602","https://openalex.org/W2106277226","https://openalex.org/W2107030918","https://openalex.org/W2108424265","https://openalex.org/W2111560151","https://openalex.org/W2113399154","https://openalex.org/W2113464037","https://openalex.org/W2114819256","https://openalex.org/W2115451191","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2119531662","https://openalex.org/W2124260943","https://openalex.org/W2125298866","https://openalex.org/W2135431554","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2139987077","https://openalex.org/W2141195754","https://openalex.org/W2143516773","https://openalex.org/W2158400785","https://openalex.org/W2166923144","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2242603519","https://openalex.org/W2249375231","https://openalex.org/W2290942691","https://openalex.org/W2315347323","https://openalex.org/W2319892480","https://openalex.org/W2345118402","https://openalex.org/W2506684654","https://openalex.org/W2509181451","https://openalex.org/W2516506474","https://openalex.org/W2518831014","https://openalex.org/W2519307493","https://openalex.org/W2527802235","https://openalex.org/W3099180803","https://openalex.org/W3153297538","https://openalex.org/W4233760599","https://openalex.org/W6632792525","https://openalex.org/W6668990524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369528593","https://openalex.org/W2385629811","https://openalex.org/W2638735979","https://openalex.org/W2111510641","https://openalex.org/W2386795888","https://openalex.org/W1968995436","https://openalex.org/W2382389562","https://openalex.org/W2054875742","https://openalex.org/W2056216430","https://openalex.org/W3088486721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supervised":[0],"classification":[1,98,110,238],"of":[2,15,46,225],"hyperspectral":[3],"images":[4,220],"(HSI)":[5],"is":[6,119,142,166],"a":[7,37,104,169,207],"very":[8],"challenging":[9],"task":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,31,43,96,143,160,205],"the":[13,22,29,44,57,67,77,85,88,135,139,154,179,193,199,223,226,237],"existence":[14],"noisy":[16],"and":[17,69,115,128,147],"mixed":[18,48],"spectral":[19,25,33,49],"characteristics.":[20],"Recently,":[21],"widely":[23],"developed":[24],"unmixing":[26],"techniques":[27],"offer":[28],"possibility":[30],"extract":[32,144],"mixture":[34],"information":[35,92,118],"at":[36],"subpixel":[38],"level,":[39],"which":[40,72,165],"can":[41,73,93,221],"contribute":[42],"categorization":[45],"seriously":[47],"pixels.":[50,81],"Besides,":[51],"it":[52],"has":[53],"been":[54],"demonstrated":[55],"that":[56,111],"discrimination":[58,232],"between":[59,79],"different":[60,188,217],"materials":[61],"will":[62],"be":[63,74,94],"improved":[64],"by":[65,83,192],"integrating":[66],"geometry":[68],"structure":[70],"information,":[71],"derived":[75],"from":[76,150],"variance":[78],"neighboring":[80],"Furthermore,":[82],"incorporating":[84],"spatial":[86],"context,":[87],"superpixel-based":[89,116],"spectral-spatial":[90],"similarity":[91],"used":[95],"smooth":[97],"results":[99,214,239],"in":[100,121,230],"homogeneous":[101],"regions.":[102],"Therefore,":[103],"novel":[105],"fusion":[106,127,130,137,181,228],"framework":[107],"for":[108,175,211],"HSI":[109,219],"combines":[112],"subpixel,":[113],"pixel,":[114],"complementary":[117],"proposed":[120,227],"this":[122],"paper.":[123],"Here,":[124],"both":[125],"feature":[126,136],"decision":[129,180,209],"schemes":[131,229],"are":[132,158,190,202],"introduced.":[133],"For":[134,178],"scheme,":[138,182],"first":[140],"step":[141],"subpixel-level,":[145],"pixel-level,":[146],"superpixel-level":[148],"features":[149,189],"HSI,":[151],"respectively.":[152],"Then,":[153,198],"multiple":[155],"feature-induced":[156],"kernels":[157],"fused":[159,204],"form":[161,206],"one":[162],"composite":[163],"kernel,":[164],"incorporated":[167],"with":[168,236],"support":[170],"vector":[171],"machine":[172],"(SVM)":[173],"classifier":[174,196],"label":[176],"assignment.":[177],"class":[183,200],"probabilities":[184,201],"based":[185],"on":[186,216,241],"three":[187],"estimated":[191],"probabilistic":[194,208],"SVM":[195],"first.":[197],"adaptively":[203],"rule":[210],"classification.":[212],"Experimental":[213],"tested":[215],"real":[218],"demonstrate":[222],"effectiveness":[224],"improving":[231],"capability,":[233],"when":[234],"compared":[235],"relied":[240],"each":[242],"individual":[243],"feature.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}