{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2407609312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2560529","title":"Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Spectral\u2013Spatial One-Dimensional Manifold Embedding","display_name":"Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Spectral\u2013Spatial One-Dimensional Manifold Embedding","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2407609312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2560529","mag":"2407609312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2016.2560529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2560529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101498949","display_name":"Huiwu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5908-5518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiwu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5908-5518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085140523","display_name":"Yuan Yan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-130X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Yan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449199","display_name":"Yulong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-9281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036807368","display_name":"Jianzhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-5995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191429286","display_name":"Sam Houston State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh3cz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101452617","display_name":"Lina Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9130-5122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Electronics and Information, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669921","display_name":"Chunli Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-5740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunli Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102059691","display_name":"Tingbo Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingbo Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95815587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"9","first_page":"5319","last_page":"5340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8114305734634399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.677944540977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6475370526313782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5982273817062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5823175311088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5725775957107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5068150162696838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.46660491824150085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4281077980995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42646270990371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37814486026763916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8114305734634399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.677944540977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6475370526313782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5982273817062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5823175311088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5725775957107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5068150162696838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.46660491824150085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4281077980995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42646270990371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37814486026763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2016.2560529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2560529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6697880830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61273244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321919","display_name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1945689204","https://openalex.org/W1972499291","https://openalex.org/W1977461281","https://openalex.org/W1987134454","https://openalex.org/W1997005542","https://openalex.org/W1997565609","https://openalex.org/W1998030734","https://openalex.org/W1998557720","https://openalex.org/W1998749136","https://openalex.org/W2001298023","https://openalex.org/W2002849025","https://openalex.org/W2003455371","https://openalex.org/W2005672614","https://openalex.org/W2009363903","https://openalex.org/W2016860790","https://openalex.org/W2017731637","https://openalex.org/W2018482939","https://openalex.org/W2019268445","https://openalex.org/W2028623420","https://openalex.org/W2036059740","https://openalex.org/W2041100636","https://openalex.org/W2051398769","https://openalex.org/W2053395738","https://openalex.org/W2054022051","https://openalex.org/W2057463961","https://openalex.org/W2077519572","https://openalex.org/W2078376061","https://openalex.org/W2081176632","https://openalex.org/W2085529604","https://openalex.org/W2087263574","https://openalex.org/W2087874437","https://openalex.org/W2093096452","https://openalex.org/W2097915756","https://openalex.org/W2101365302","https://openalex.org/W2101479772","https://openalex.org/W2104290444","https://openalex.org/W2106092565","https://openalex.org/W2109531142","https://openalex.org/W2113464037","https://openalex.org/W2114819256","https://openalex.org/W2127152713","https://openalex.org/W2131697388","https://openalex.org/W2132648706","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2151288205","https://openalex.org/W2151599207","https://openalex.org/W2152057649","https://openalex.org/W2153409933","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2158400785","https://openalex.org/W2162698522","https://openalex.org/W2164330327","https://openalex.org/W2164437025","https://openalex.org/W2166923144","https://openalex.org/W2169743536","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2233568271","https://openalex.org/W2235571288","https://openalex.org/W2236497445","https://openalex.org/W2306212800","https://openalex.org/W2997701990","https://openalex.org/W3014771378","https://openalex.org/W3101974774","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6675747103","https://openalex.org/W6676189307","https://openalex.org/W6689368934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W4313014865","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W2119567889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1,22],"approach":[2,23],"called":[3],"Spectral-Spatial":[4],"1-D":[5,92,119,134],"Manifold":[6],"Embedding":[7],"(SS1DME)":[8],"is":[9,24,70,117,192,284],"proposed":[10,49,269,282],"in":[11,42],"this":[12,178,200],"paper":[13],"for":[14,194,202,238],"remotely":[15],"sensed":[16],"hyperspectral":[17],"image":[18,44],"(HSI)":[19],"classification.":[20],"This":[21],"based":[25,83],"on":[26,84,124,159],"a":[27,39,118,121,152,172],"generalization":[28],"of":[29,63,97,101,103,107,114,154,174,251,263,277],"the":[30,43,48,54,61,67,73,85,89,104,115,125,132,143,155,161,175,181,187,195,212,219,229,235,239,244,249,256,261,268,274],"recently":[31,301],"developed":[32],"smooth":[33],"ordering":[34],"model,":[35,82],"which":[36,160,191],"has":[37],"gathered":[38],"great":[40],"interest":[41],"processing":[45,136],"area.":[46],"In":[47,79,243],"approach,":[50],"first,":[51],"we":[52,150,170,205,227],"employ":[53],"spectral-spatial":[55],"information-based":[56],"affinity":[57,74,87,258],"metric":[58,75],"to":[59,180,185,233],"learn":[60],"similarity":[62],"HSI":[64,109,241,290],"pixels,":[65],"where":[66,211],"contextual":[68],"information":[69],"encoded":[71],"into":[72],"using":[76,287],"spatial":[77,303],"information.":[78],"our":[80],"derived":[81],"obtained":[86,129],"metric,":[88],"created":[90],"multiple":[91],"manifold":[93],"embeddings":[94],"(1DMEs)":[95],"consist":[96],"several":[98,203],"different":[99],"versions":[100],"1DME":[102,113,247],"same":[105],"set":[106,184,232],"all":[108,278],"points.":[110,280],"Since":[111],"each":[112],"data":[116,126,253,291],"sequence,":[120],"label":[122,148,220],"function":[123],"can":[127],"be":[128],"by":[130,218],"applying":[131],"simple":[133],"signal":[135],"tools":[137],"(such":[138],"as":[139],"interpolation/regression).":[140],"By":[141],"collecting":[142],"predicted":[144],"labels":[145,162,276],"from":[146,177,255],"these":[147],"functions,":[149],"build":[151,234],"subset":[153,179],"current":[156],"unlabeled":[157],"points,":[158],"are":[163,215],"correctly":[164,216],"labeled":[165,183,189,209,217,231],"with":[166,222,299],"high":[167,224],"confidence.":[168,225],"Next,":[169],"add":[171],"proportion":[173],"elements":[176],"original":[182],"get":[186,206],"updated":[188],"set,":[190,210],"used":[193],"next":[196],"running":[197],"instance.":[198],"Repeating":[199],"process":[201],"loops,":[204],"an":[207],"extended":[208,230],"new":[213],"members":[214],"functions":[221],"much":[223],"Finally,":[226],"utilize":[228],"target":[236],"classifier":[237],"whole":[240,245],"pixels.":[242],"process,":[246],"plays":[248],"role":[250],"learning":[252,264],"features":[254,265],"given":[257],"metric.":[259],"With":[260],"incrementation":[262],"during":[266],"iteration,":[267],"scheme":[270,283],"will":[271],"gradually":[272],"approximate":[273],"exact":[275],"sample":[279],"The":[281],"experimentally":[285],"demonstrated":[286],"four":[288],"real":[289],"sets,":[292],"exhibiting":[293],"promising":[294],"classification":[295],"performance":[296],"when":[297],"compared":[298],"other":[300],"introduced":[302],"analysis":[304],"alternatives.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}