{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2319040573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543660","title":"Sea Ice Concentration Estimation During Melt From Dual-Pol SAR Scenes Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: A Case Study","display_name":"Sea Ice Concentration Estimation During Melt From Dual-Pol SAR Scenes Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: A Case Study","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2319040573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543660","mag":"2319040573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061045446","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-1796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083200788","display_name":"K. Andrea Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-8777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Andrea Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034166335","display_name":"Linlin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-5199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066149942","display_name":"David A. Clausi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-0875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Clausi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061045446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":215,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99323747,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"8","first_page":"4524","last_page":"4533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12696","display_name":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7641565799713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6933711767196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.661711573600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5270355343818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.502931535243988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4869998097419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-concentration","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","score":0.48056915402412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4501660466194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4462246298789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ice-pack","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","score":0.43927326798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.41845273971557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-thickness","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","score":0.41579556465148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36027228832244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.1909167766571045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7641565799713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6933711767196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.661711573600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5270355343818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.502931535243988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4869998097419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194520297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440064","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","level":5,"score":0.48056915402412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4501660466194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4462246298789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.43927326798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.41845273971557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.41579556465148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36027228832244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.1909167766571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W267457289","https://openalex.org/W1523493493","https://openalex.org/W1573314160","https://openalex.org/W1582774210","https://openalex.org/W1606347560","https://openalex.org/W1613249581","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1872489089","https://openalex.org/W1968851396","https://openalex.org/W1969260312","https://openalex.org/W1970590897","https://openalex.org/W1979124440","https://openalex.org/W1980508351","https://openalex.org/W1998002959","https://openalex.org/W2002768139","https://openalex.org/W2016053056","https://openalex.org/W2020534029","https://openalex.org/W2022137318","https://openalex.org/W2027271127","https://openalex.org/W2038160415","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2078531902","https://openalex.org/W2103793553","https://openalex.org/W2106027797","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2119191234","https://openalex.org/W2123977051","https://openalex.org/W2124537004","https://openalex.org/W2130325614","https://openalex.org/W2140253783","https://openalex.org/W2148461049","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2162931300","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167945248","https://openalex.org/W2184045248","https://openalex.org/W2252268321","https://openalex.org/W2914484425","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4243354274","https://openalex.org/W4246909492","https://openalex.org/W4255949318","https://openalex.org/W4293460823","https://openalex.org/W6636358008","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6639260565","https://openalex.org/W6655157410","https://openalex.org/W6678797503","https://openalex.org/W6681813608","https://openalex.org/W6683965311","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6691441656"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4221057659","https://openalex.org/W206690607","https://openalex.org/W4240873802","https://openalex.org/W2486603219","https://openalex.org/W1981028522","https://openalex.org/W3147447286","https://openalex.org/W2138002925","https://openalex.org/W2922651963","https://openalex.org/W1998380203","https://openalex.org/W1991434658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-resolution":[0],"ice":[1,12,29,53,76,92,95,103,113,126],"concentration":[2,30,54,77,104,114],"maps":[3,78,105],"are":[4,47,79,116],"of":[5,73,90,124],"great":[6],"interest":[7],"for":[8],"ship":[9],"navigation":[10],"and":[11,51,121],"hazard":[13],"forecasting.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"case":[17],"study,":[18],"a":[19],"convolutional":[20],"neural":[21],"network":[22],"(CNN)":[23],"has":[24],"been":[25],"used":[26,48],"to":[27,101],"estimate":[28],"using":[31],"synthetic":[32],"aperture":[33],"radar":[34],"(SAR)":[35],"scenes":[36],"captured":[37],"during":[38],"the":[39,52,56,60,69,74,91],"melt":[40,119],"season.":[41],"These":[42],"dual-pol":[43],"RADARSAT-2":[44],"satellite":[45],"images":[46],"as":[49],"input,":[50],"is":[55,99],"direct":[57],"output":[58],"from":[59],"CNN.":[61],"With":[62],"no":[63],"feature":[64],"extraction":[65],"or":[66],"segmentation":[67],"postprocessing,":[68],"absolute":[70],"mean":[71],"errors":[72],"generated":[75],"less":[80],"than":[81,109],"10%":[82],"on":[83],"average":[84],"when":[85],"compared":[86],"with":[87,106],"manual":[88],"interpretation":[89],"state":[93],"by":[94],"experts.":[96],"The":[97],"CNN":[98],"demonstrated":[100],"produce":[102],"more":[107],"detail":[108],"produced":[110],"operationally.":[111],"Reasonable":[112],"estimations":[115],"made":[117],"in":[118,122],"regions":[120,123],"low":[125],"concentration.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
