{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2425812835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543225","title":"International Benchmarking of the Individual Tree Detection Methods for Modeling 3-D Canopy Structure for Silviculture and Forest Ecology Using Airborne Laser Scanning","display_name":"International Benchmarking of the Individual Tree Detection Methods for Modeling 3-D Canopy Structure for Silviculture and Forest Ecology Using Airborne Laser Scanning","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2425812835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543225","mag":"2425812835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/224961","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754860","display_name":"Yunsheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2552-8253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunsheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033042071","display_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-4017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112281704","display_name":"Research Council of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Hyyppa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070189190","display_name":"Xinlian Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1585-2340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112281704","display_name":"Research Council of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlian Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043014786","display_name":"Harri Kaartinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112281704","display_name":"Research Council of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harri Kaartinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018804090","display_name":"Xiaowei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-0613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112281704","display_name":"Research Council of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037641882","display_name":"Eva Lindberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1792-0773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","display_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Lindberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ume\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063701688","display_name":"Johan Holmgren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7112-8015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","display_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Holmgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ume\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101842425","display_name":"Yuchu Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2032-4136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800365227","display_name":"Paris-Est Sup","ror":"https://ror.org/0268ecp52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchu Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATIS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est, IGN, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATIS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est, IGN, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001898964","display_name":"Cl\u00e9ment Mallet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-165X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800365227","display_name":"Paris-Est Sup","ror":"https://ror.org/0268ecp52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clement Mallet","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATIS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est, IGN, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATIS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est, IGN, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070888429","display_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Ferraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-5471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Ferraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATIS, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATIS, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017203201","display_name":"Hossein Torabzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3089-9833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167694869","display_name":"Bu-Ali Sina University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ka8rx28","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167694869"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Torabzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Laboratories, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Laboratories, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167694869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000291379","display_name":"Felix Morsdorf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6713-1599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Morsdorf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101719303","display_name":"Lingli Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-234X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112281704","display_name":"Research Council of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingli Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035970188","display_name":"Jingbin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-0956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112281704","display_name":"Research Council of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingbin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112281704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063813088","display_name":"Petteri Alho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-9609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petteri Alho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":191,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98552241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"9","first_page":"5011","last_page":"5027"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.8945693969726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6707685589790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6366556286811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5947110056877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-structure","display_name":"Forest structure","score":0.529403567314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy","display_name":"Tree canopy","score":0.5288587212562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5163427591323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.5157220959663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-from-motion","display_name":"Structure from motion","score":0.505805492401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.5048993229866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silviculture","display_name":"Silviculture","score":0.5016539096832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.4861692786216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.41328057646751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33634471893310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3226499855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry","display_name":"Agroforestry","score":0.3106110990047455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.24905270338058472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1880578100681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.17499053478240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13902780413627625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.8945693969726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6707685589790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6366556286811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5947110056877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983469836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4421","display_name":"Forest structure","level":3,"score":0.529403567314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.5288587212562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5163427591323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.5157220959663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146159030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625099","display_name":"Structure from motion","level":3,"score":0.505805492401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5048993229866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775966360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720362","display_name":"Silviculture","level":2,"score":0.5016539096832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.4861692786216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41328057646751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33634471893310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3226499855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.3106110990047455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.24905270338058472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1880578100681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17499053478240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13902780413627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2543225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5167/uzh-152119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02376018v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-02376018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2016, 54 (9), pp.5011-5027. &#x27E8;10.1109/TGRS.2016.2543225&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/224961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/224961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"A1 Journal article \u2013 refereed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/224961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/224961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"A1 Journal article \u2013 refereed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127872571","https://openalex.org/W148952163","https://openalex.org/W592092435","https://openalex.org/W1492020934","https://openalex.org/W1969517631","https://openalex.org/W1990763871","https://openalex.org/W1994585903","https://openalex.org/W2005885990","https://openalex.org/W2028290485","https://openalex.org/W2033827163","https://openalex.org/W2044046051","https://openalex.org/W2075022745","https://openalex.org/W2101907415","https://openalex.org/W2122920344","https://openalex.org/W2126058313","https://openalex.org/W2131058553","https://openalex.org/W2133014538","https://openalex.org/W2137933418","https://openalex.org/W2155714399","https://openalex.org/W2165044919","https://openalex.org/W2273297058","https://openalex.org/W2460040429","https://openalex.org/W4233041824","https://openalex.org/W6605148361","https://openalex.org/W6642486847","https://openalex.org/W6678293961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065682611","https://openalex.org/W2160177241","https://openalex.org/W2929657931","https://openalex.org/W3033842460","https://openalex.org/W2367118502","https://openalex.org/W2012772900","https://openalex.org/W3183563243","https://openalex.org/W4200062178","https://openalex.org/W2366136175","https://openalex.org/W4384828078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Canopy":[0],"structure":[1,19,45,99,156,176,276],"plays":[2,177],"an":[3,37,105],"essential":[4],"role":[5,180],"in":[6,9,46,67,94,102,181,206,235,248,264],"biophysical":[7],"activities":[8],"forest":[10,30],"environments.":[11],"However,":[12,77],"quantitative":[13],"descriptions":[14],"of":[15,24,29,64,91,108,124,132,151,185,196,215,224,251,283],"a":[16,42,96,153,178,207,244],"3-D":[17,43,97,154,274],"canopy":[18,44,98,155,175,275],"are":[20,128],"extremely":[21],"difficult":[22],"because":[23],"the":[25,57,62,89,119,122,125,148,174,182,197,203,213,217,222,249,252,265,273,281],"complexity":[26],"and":[27,73,140,167,188,226,277,285],"heterogeneity":[28],"systems.":[31],"Airborne":[32],"laser":[33],"scanning":[34],"(ALS)":[35],"provides":[36,144],"opportunity":[38],"to":[39,70,163,242,271,278],"automatically":[40],"measure":[41],"large":[47],"areas.":[48],"Compared":[49],"with":[50,161],"other":[51],"point":[52,218,238,256],"cloud":[53,219,257],"technologies":[54],"such":[55,78],"as":[56,200,202],"image-based":[58],"Structure":[59],"from":[60,230],"Motion,":[61],"power":[63],"ALS":[65,287],"lies":[66],"its":[68,189],"ability":[69],"penetrate":[71],"canopies":[72],"depict":[74],"subordinate":[75],"trees.":[76,228],"capabilities":[79],"have":[80],"been":[81,233],"poorly":[82],"explored":[83,101],"so":[84],"far.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87],"paper,":[88],"potential":[90,282],"ALS-based":[92,112],"approaches":[93,270],"depicting":[95,152],"is":[100,191],"detail":[103],"through":[104],"international":[106],"benchmarking":[107,170],"five":[109],"recently":[110],"developed":[111],"individual":[113],"tree":[114,198],"detection":[115,183,223],"(ITD)":[116],"methods.":[117],"For":[118],"first":[120],"time,":[121],"results":[123],"ITD":[126,158,186,269],"methods":[127,253],"evaluated":[129],"for":[130,221],"each":[131],"four":[133],"crown":[134],"classes,":[135],"i.e.,":[136],"dominant,":[137],"codominant,":[138],"intermediate,":[139],"suppressed":[141,227],"trees,":[142],"which":[143],"insight":[145],"toward":[146],"understanding":[147],"current":[149],"status":[150],"using":[157],"methods,":[159,187],"particularly":[160],"respect":[162],"their":[164],"performances,":[165],"potential,":[166],"challenges.":[168],"This":[169],"study":[171,210],"revealed":[172],"that":[173,195,254],"considerable":[179],"accuracy":[184],"influence":[190],"even":[192],"greater":[193],"than":[194],"species":[199,204],"well":[201],"composition":[205],"stand.":[208],"The":[209],"also":[211],"reveals":[212],"importance":[214],"utilizing":[216],"data":[220],"intermediate":[225],"Different":[229],"what":[231],"has":[232],"reported":[234],"previous":[236],"studies,":[237],"density":[239],"was":[240],"found":[241],"be":[243,262],"highly":[245],"influential":[246],"factor":[247],"performance":[250],"use":[255],"data.":[258,288],"Greater":[259],"efforts":[260],"should":[261],"invested":[263],"point-based":[266],"or":[267],"hybrid":[268],"model":[272],"further":[279],"explore":[280],"high-density":[284],"multiwavelengths":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
