{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2343239670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2520298","title":"Model-Based Evaluation of Signal-to-Clutter Ratio for Landmine Detection Using Ground-Penetrating Radar","display_name":"Model-Based Evaluation of Signal-to-Clutter Ratio for Landmine Detection Using Ground-Penetrating Radar","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2343239670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2520298","mag":"2343239670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2016.2520298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2520298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2164/14074","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067068217","display_name":"Iraklis Giannakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-8992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iraklis Giannakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002239686","display_name":"Antonios Giannopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-6997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Giannopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110695516","display_name":"Alexander Yarovoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4777-6228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Yarovoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9108,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95639714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"6","first_page":"3564","last_page":"3573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.8634003400802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.7702124118804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5756921768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.5441795587539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49758580327033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-difference-time-domain-method","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","score":0.46613380312919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4657246768474579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4329655170440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.4161771535873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.3779231011867523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3480601906776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3465879559516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.338482528924942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3282145857810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.31268250942230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2507547438144684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2039656639099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.19898420572280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16282233595848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11986687779426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09325036406517029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8634003400802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.7702124118804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5756921768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.5441795587539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49758580327033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184880428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417308","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","level":2,"score":0.46613380312919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4657246768474579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4329655170440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.4161771535873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.3779231011867523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3480601906776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3465879559516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.338482528924942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3282145857810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.31268250942230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2507547438144684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2039656639099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.19898420572280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16282233595848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11986687779426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09325036406517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2016.2520298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2520298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uwl.ac.uk:5368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402477","display_name":"UWL Repository (University of West London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177463362","host_organization_name":"University of West London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aura.abdn.ac.uk:2164/14074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2016.2520298","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2164/14074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400966","display_name":"Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","host_organization_name":"University of Aberdeen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/5aedbaae-8ad3-4a69-b553-d177a662959b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/5aedbaae-8ad3-4a69-b553-d177a662959b","pdf_url":"https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/23672102/Revised_manuscript.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aura.abdn.ac.uk:2164/14074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2016.2520298","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2164/14074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400966","display_name":"Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","host_organization_name":"University of Aberdeen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6725469760","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"284996","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2343239670.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2343239670.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569512666","https://openalex.org/W1570895503","https://openalex.org/W1582934392","https://openalex.org/W1599869189","https://openalex.org/W1631203279","https://openalex.org/W1645523695","https://openalex.org/W1685375091","https://openalex.org/W1974979456","https://openalex.org/W1995676681","https://openalex.org/W1998239584","https://openalex.org/W1999738916","https://openalex.org/W2000493310","https://openalex.org/W2017628301","https://openalex.org/W2018464026","https://openalex.org/W2020743612","https://openalex.org/W2023172332","https://openalex.org/W2031636205","https://openalex.org/W2033297289","https://openalex.org/W2034972967","https://openalex.org/W2044927495","https://openalex.org/W2051812123","https://openalex.org/W2064609427","https://openalex.org/W2066462894","https://openalex.org/W2070434083","https://openalex.org/W2090843874","https://openalex.org/W2100369874","https://openalex.org/W2118593361","https://openalex.org/W2118895290","https://openalex.org/W2137425275","https://openalex.org/W2137546018","https://openalex.org/W2140274258","https://openalex.org/W2145593771","https://openalex.org/W2147863925","https://openalex.org/W2148337241","https://openalex.org/W2149406370","https://openalex.org/W2151350181","https://openalex.org/W2155411643","https://openalex.org/W2155926469","https://openalex.org/W2157503452","https://openalex.org/W2160658346","https://openalex.org/W2164251446","https://openalex.org/W2166743408","https://openalex.org/W2202811667","https://openalex.org/W2500320991","https://openalex.org/W2531561562","https://openalex.org/W2603756976","https://openalex.org/W2792720842","https://openalex.org/W2925734789","https://openalex.org/W3143799966","https://openalex.org/W3149976863","https://openalex.org/W4229888521","https://openalex.org/W6680654139","https://openalex.org/W6681791716","https://openalex.org/W6736237382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2356754952","https://openalex.org/W2028603514","https://openalex.org/W2513278879","https://openalex.org/W2087993138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"regression":[1],"model":[2],"is":[3,52,126,136],"developed":[4],"in":[5,9,27,144,155],"order":[6,28],"to":[7,29,34,72,99],"estimate":[8],"real":[10],"time":[11],"the":[12,35,38,41,44,48,65,74,77,83,86,93,132,145,151,159,162,166],"signal-to-clutter":[13],"ratio":[14],"(SCR)":[15],"for":[16,55],"landmine":[17],"detection":[18],"using":[19,64,138],"ground-penetrating":[20],"radar.":[21],"Artificial":[22],"neural":[23],"networks":[24],"are":[25,70,95,141,154],"employed":[26],"express":[30],"SCR":[31,51,153],"with":[32,97],"respect":[33,98],"soil's":[36,78],"properties,":[37],"depth":[39],"of":[40,47,59,76,85,92,131,165],"target,":[42],"and":[43,61,113,121,150,161],"central":[45],"frequency":[46],"pulse.":[49],"The":[50,88,128,148],"synthetically":[53],"evaluated":[54,137],"a":[56,119],"wide":[57],"range":[58],"diverse":[60],"controlled":[62],"scenarios":[63,139],"finite-difference":[66],"time-domain":[67],"method.":[68],"Fractals":[69],"used":[71,101],"describe":[73],"geometry":[75],"heterogeneities":[79],"as":[80,82],"well":[81],"roughness":[84],"surface.":[87],"dispersive":[89],"dielectric":[90],"properties":[91],"soil":[94,102],"expressed":[96],"traditionally":[100],"parameters,":[103],"namely,":[104],"sand":[105],"fraction,":[106,108,110],"clay":[107],"water":[109],"bulk":[111],"density,":[112],"particle":[114],"density.":[115],"Through":[116],"this":[117],"approach,":[118],"coherent":[120],"uniformly":[122],"distributed":[123],"training":[124,146],"set":[125],"created.":[127],"overall":[129],"performance":[130],"resulting":[133],"nonlinear":[134],"function":[135],"which":[140],"not":[142],"included":[143],"process.":[147],"calculated":[149],"predicted":[152],"good":[156],"agreement,":[157],"indicating":[158],"validity":[160],"generalization":[163],"capabilities":[164],"suggested":[167],"framework.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
