{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2243864368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2472532","title":"Boreal, Temperate, and Tropical Forests as Vicarious Calibration Sites for Spaceborne Microwave Radiometry","display_name":"Boreal, Temperate, and Tropical Forests as Vicarious Calibration Sites for Spaceborne Microwave Radiometry","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2243864368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2472532","mag":"2243864368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2015.2472532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2472532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843186","display_name":"John Xun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-2779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Xun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-2779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022152022","display_name":"Darren McKague","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-0388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren S. McKague","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076495698","display_name":"Christopher S. Ruf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher S. Ruf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4844,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88373203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"2","first_page":"1035","last_page":"1051"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7764998078346252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6755992770195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6471606492996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.6400368809700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.49645549058914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.48498889803886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2536567449569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20666518807411194}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7764998078346252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6755992770195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6471606492996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.6400368809700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.49645549058914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.48498889803886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2536567449569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20666518807411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2015.2472532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2472532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5675484609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX13AG70G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504142586","https://openalex.org/W1974477445","https://openalex.org/W1977028732","https://openalex.org/W1980260944","https://openalex.org/W2027141367","https://openalex.org/W2031406485","https://openalex.org/W2033202186","https://openalex.org/W2048358083","https://openalex.org/W2049499817","https://openalex.org/W2055927429","https://openalex.org/W2056444889","https://openalex.org/W2059263973","https://openalex.org/W2059710402","https://openalex.org/W2065451693","https://openalex.org/W2070116034","https://openalex.org/W2073298425","https://openalex.org/W2076610135","https://openalex.org/W2080655320","https://openalex.org/W2081887990","https://openalex.org/W2094530331","https://openalex.org/W2096194404","https://openalex.org/W2110013544","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2115177957","https://openalex.org/W2122436545","https://openalex.org/W2124780755","https://openalex.org/W2141625713","https://openalex.org/W2145240847","https://openalex.org/W2146104749","https://openalex.org/W2161440964","https://openalex.org/W2179015147","https://openalex.org/W3006184486","https://openalex.org/W6630392020","https://openalex.org/W6773863114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381259876","https://openalex.org/W2016007472","https://openalex.org/W2174447425","https://openalex.org/W2360231461","https://openalex.org/W2413930784","https://openalex.org/W2140108161","https://openalex.org/W2005776842","https://openalex.org/W824566898","https://openalex.org/W2063863367","https://openalex.org/W751870123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"develop":[1],"methods":[2],"of":[3,100,124,132,160,228,252,266,322,331],"using":[4,104,310],"boreal,":[5],"temperate,":[6],"and":[7,21,44,49,76,85,111,173,187,212,235,249,258,264,273,294,337,341],"tropical":[8,288],"forests":[9,82],"as":[10,29,58,79,81],"vicarious":[11,139],"calibration":[12,23,47,61,140,151,216,269,318,323],"sites":[13,20,67,90,270,312,324],"for":[14,147,166],"spaceborne":[15],"microwave":[16],"radiometers.":[17,52],"The":[18,320],"extended":[19],"improved":[22,241],"techniques":[24,207],"enable":[25],"examining":[26],"warm-scene":[27,94],"performances":[28],"a":[30,98,129,161,219,225,277],"complement":[31],"to":[32,72,181,210],"cold":[33],"scenes":[34],"over":[35],"the":[36,69,92,157,167,183,247,262,267,299,332],"ocean,":[37],"providing":[38],"information":[39],"about":[40],"scan-dependent":[41,220,233],"biases,":[42],"detecting":[43],"correcting":[45],"possible":[46],"errors,":[48],"intercalibrating":[50],"different":[51,291],"Specifically,":[53],"this":[54,176],"paper":[55],"shows":[56],"results":[57,328],"follows.":[59],"Warm-scene":[60],"is":[62,302],"expanded":[63],"beyond":[64],"previously":[65],"utilized":[66],"in":[68,83,193,222,261,315,335,339],"Amazon":[70,105],"rainforest":[71],"include":[73],"inland":[74],"boreal":[75],"temperate":[77],"forests,":[78],"well":[80],"coastal":[84],"island":[86],"regions.":[87,297],"These":[88],"additional":[89],"increase":[91],"available":[93],"sample":[95],"size":[96],"by":[97],"factor":[99],"30":[101],"compared":[102],"with":[103,128,224,242],"rainforests":[106],"alone,":[107],"allowing":[108],"more":[109],"accurate":[110],"statistically":[112],"robust":[113],"calibration.":[114],"In":[115,231],"addition,":[116],"their":[117],"widespread":[118],"near-global":[119],"distribution":[120,321],"enables":[121,141],"near-continuous":[122],"monitoring":[123],"radiometer":[125,148],"performance,":[126],"e.g.,":[127,218],"temporal":[130],"resolution":[131],"almost":[133],"once":[134],"per":[135],"day.":[136],"Accurate":[137],"warm-end":[138],"or":[142],"enhances":[143],"several":[144],"new":[145],"capabilities":[146],"characterization.":[149],"Scan-dependent":[150],"biases":[152,189],"that":[153,190,309],"are":[154,179,191,208,271,290],"present":[155,192],"at":[156,201,245,283],"high":[158,248,295],"end":[159],"radiometer's":[162],"dynamic":[163],"range":[164],"can,":[165],"first":[168],"time,":[169],"be":[170,240],"reliably":[171],"detected":[172,272],"characterized.":[174,274],"Using":[175],"method,":[177],"we":[178],"able":[180,209],"detect":[182,211],"along-scan":[184],"magnetic":[185],"interference":[186],"edge-of-scan":[188],"Global":[194],"Precipitation":[195],"Measurement":[196],"Microwave":[197],"Imager":[198],"(GMI)":[199],"observations":[200],"warm":[202],"brightness":[203,263],"temperatures":[204],"(TBs).":[205],"Our":[206],"characterize":[213],"very":[214],"small":[215],"anomalies,":[217],"error":[221],"GMI":[223],"peak-to-peak":[226],"amplitude":[227],"0.1":[229],"K.":[230],"general,":[232],"performance":[234],"antenna":[236],"pattern":[237],"correction":[238],"can":[239],"better":[243],"constraints":[244],"both":[246],"low":[250],"ends":[251],"on-Earth":[253],"observed":[254],"TBs.":[255],"Regional":[256],"dependence":[257,278],"seasonal":[259],"changes":[260],"predictability":[265],"forested":[268],"Calibration":[275],"exhibits":[276],"on":[279],"latitude,":[280],"most":[281],"significantly":[282],"water":[284],"vapor":[285],"channels,":[286],"where":[287],"regions":[289],"from":[292,329,342],"middle":[293],"latitudinal":[296],"Although":[298],"root":[300],"cause":[301],"still":[303],"under":[304],"investigation,":[305],"its":[306],"presence":[307],"suggests":[308],"limited":[311],"could":[313],"result":[314],"undesirable":[316],"latitude-dependent":[317],"biases.":[319],"shifts":[325],"seasonally,":[326],"which":[327],"green-up":[330],"vegetation":[333],"canopy":[334],"summer":[336],"defoliation":[338],"winter,":[340],"snow":[343],"contamination.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}