{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1493079155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2444422","title":"The Effect of Boreal Forest Canopy in Satellite Snow Mapping\u2014A Multisensor Analysis","display_name":"The Effect of Boreal Forest Canopy in Satellite Snow Mapping\u2014A Multisensor Analysis","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1493079155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2444422","mag":"1493079155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2015.2444422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2444422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058217833","display_name":"Juval Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-1536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juval Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081338321","display_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-9696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049229557","display_name":"Jouni Pulliainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-2920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jouni Pulliainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037509775","display_name":"Kirsikka Heinil\u00e4","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800424308","display_name":"Finnish Environment Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/013nat269","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308","https://openalex.org/I4210136438"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirsikka Heinila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland","Finnish Environment Institute; Helsinki Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Environment Institute; Helsinki Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102967101","display_name":"Francesco Montomoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092323","display_name":"Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqega85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092323","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Montomoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["IFAC-CNR, Institute for Applied Physics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy","[IFAC-CNR, Institute for Applied Physics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IFAC-CNR, Institute for Applied Physics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IFAC-CNR, Institute for Applied Physics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080794289","display_name":"Jaakko Sepp\u00e4nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-7365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaakko Seppanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University,,,Espoo,,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University,,,Espoo,,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110907633","display_name":"M. Hallikainen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martti T. Hallikainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University,,,Espoo,,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University,,,Espoo,,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6412,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88371073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"12","first_page":"6593","last_page":"6607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.8481653332710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6522976160049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6398211121559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.6297726035118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.592562735080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy","display_name":"Tree canopy","score":0.5603670477867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.46561503410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.43883898854255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.4181958734989166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.41386300325393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.35876935720443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24867457151412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21591660380363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11985477805137634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8481653332710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6522976160049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6398211121559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.6297726035118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.592562735080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.5603670477867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.46561503410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.43883898854255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.4181958734989166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.41386300325393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.35876935720443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24867457151412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21591660380363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11985477805137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2015.2444422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2444422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321394","display_name":"Aalto-Yliopisto","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484885900","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1967428467","https://openalex.org/W1970641180","https://openalex.org/W1977526892","https://openalex.org/W1978283906","https://openalex.org/W1983316600","https://openalex.org/W1987288027","https://openalex.org/W1987882549","https://openalex.org/W1997126489","https://openalex.org/W2000425421","https://openalex.org/W2002604925","https://openalex.org/W2008826820","https://openalex.org/W2009026858","https://openalex.org/W2010581112","https://openalex.org/W2012342761","https://openalex.org/W2014978772","https://openalex.org/W2021627187","https://openalex.org/W2021804645","https://openalex.org/W2033115286","https://openalex.org/W2040001180","https://openalex.org/W2045706725","https://openalex.org/W2047387147","https://openalex.org/W2048568471","https://openalex.org/W2061063031","https://openalex.org/W2063544218","https://openalex.org/W2068195262","https://openalex.org/W2068332224","https://openalex.org/W2080067554","https://openalex.org/W2080908843","https://openalex.org/W2081096013","https://openalex.org/W2085762960","https://openalex.org/W2086700400","https://openalex.org/W2093839045","https://openalex.org/W2095377724","https://openalex.org/W2096842752","https://openalex.org/W2099245384","https://openalex.org/W2100174911","https://openalex.org/W2100714871","https://openalex.org/W2101259152","https://openalex.org/W2101677516","https://openalex.org/W2102236917","https://openalex.org/W2103794190","https://openalex.org/W2107281965","https://openalex.org/W2116540370","https://openalex.org/W2122219732","https://openalex.org/W2125368795","https://openalex.org/W2127307213","https://openalex.org/W2129895485","https://openalex.org/W2135516449","https://openalex.org/W2138149909","https://openalex.org/W2141014347","https://openalex.org/W2141348340","https://openalex.org/W2142800341","https://openalex.org/W2143588793","https://openalex.org/W2146846308","https://openalex.org/W2148147063","https://openalex.org/W2149079276","https://openalex.org/W2149580466","https://openalex.org/W2150625533","https://openalex.org/W2156730686","https://openalex.org/W2161087840","https://openalex.org/W2166252673","https://openalex.org/W2166516820","https://openalex.org/W2168280495","https://openalex.org/W2168679095","https://openalex.org/W2172124270","https://openalex.org/W2319859606","https://openalex.org/W2327419833","https://openalex.org/W4233603758","https://openalex.org/W4256096524","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6671802007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045211767","https://openalex.org/W2056219210","https://openalex.org/W2383716249","https://openalex.org/W23916517","https://openalex.org/W4386506415","https://openalex.org/W2497950047","https://openalex.org/W1998329507","https://openalex.org/W2053112303","https://openalex.org/W3004500891","https://openalex.org/W3208027284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite-based":[0],"snow-cover":[1],"monitoring":[2],"is":[3],"performed":[4],"using":[5,166],"optical,":[6,115],"synthetic":[7],"aperture":[8],"radar":[9],"(SAR),":[10],"and":[11,56,91,94,117,149,158,189,217,222,230],"passivemicrowave":[12],"sensors.":[13],"Effects":[14],"of":[15,28,37,48,75,78,85,99,114,140,179,199,205],"forest":[16,41,79,126,155],"canopy":[17,42,80,156],"on":[18,81],"the":[19,35,73,76,97,123,138,141,177,197,200,206,232],"observed":[20],"signal":[21],"need":[22],"to":[23,225,238],"be":[24,236,239],"considered":[25,237],"with":[26,40,53],"all":[27],"these":[29,49,105,109,167],"sensor":[30],"types.":[31],"Various":[32],"models":[33,65,102,221,234],"describing":[34,154],"interaction":[36],"electromagnetic":[38,180],"radiation":[39],"have":[43],"been":[44],"developed,":[45],"but":[46,202],"many":[47],"are":[50,66],"overly":[51],"complex":[52],"high":[54],"computational":[55],"ancillary":[57],"data":[58,121],"requirements.":[59],"However,":[60],"for":[61,88,132,186],"retrieval":[62,244],"purposes,":[63],"simple":[64,100,169],"preferred.":[67],"This":[68],"work":[69],"aims":[70],"at":[71,95],"increasing":[72],"understanding":[74],"effect":[77],"remote":[82,119],"sensing":[83,120],"observations":[84,207],"snow-covered":[86],"terrain":[87],"both":[89,226],"microwave":[90,188],"optical":[92,190],"regimes":[93],"quantifying":[96],"capability":[98],"zeroth-order":[101,172],"in":[103,122,182,241],"simulating":[104],"effects.":[106],"To":[107],"achieve":[108],"goals,":[110],"a":[111,171,183,211],"spatial":[112],"analysis":[113],"SAR,":[116],"passive-microwave":[118],"northern":[124],"boreal":[125],"region":[127],"was":[128,208],"performed.":[129],"Model":[130],"parameters":[131,153],"vegetation":[133],"transmissivity":[134],"as":[135,137],"well":[136],"properties":[139],"underlying":[142],"surface":[143],"were":[144],"optimized":[145],"by":[146,210],"utilizing":[147],"lidar-ranging-":[148],"Landsat-based":[150],"simplified":[151],"proxy":[152],"closure":[157],"stem":[159],"volume.":[160],"The":[161,192],"results":[162],"demonstrated":[163],"that":[164],"despite":[165],"relatively":[168],"proxies,":[170],"model":[173,194],"can":[174,235],"accurately":[175],"estimate":[176],"extinction":[178],"signals":[181],"forest,":[184],"particularly":[185],"passive":[187],"data.":[191],"SAR":[193],"successfully":[195],"estimated":[196],"median":[198],"observations,":[201],"larger":[203],"scatter":[204],"reflected":[209],"higher":[212],"root":[213],"mean":[214],"square":[215],"error":[216],"lower":[218],"correlation":[219],"between":[220],"observations.":[223],"Due":[224],"good":[227],"estimation":[228],"accuracy":[229],"simplicity,":[231],"presented":[233],"applicable":[240],"existing":[242],"snow":[243],"algorithms.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}