{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1496056937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2415832","title":"Multitemporal Fluctuations in L-Band Backscatter From a Japanese Forest","display_name":"Multitemporal Fluctuations in L-Band Backscatter From a Japanese Forest","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1496056937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2415832","mag":"1496056937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2015.2415832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2415832","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/7185497/07118692.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/7185497/07118692.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101986414","display_name":"Manabu Watanabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1130-9420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manabu Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan","Japan Aerosp. Exploration Agency/Earth Obs. Res. Center, Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerosp. Exploration Agency/Earth Obs. Res. Center, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031654867","display_name":"Takeshi Motohka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-732X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Motohka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan","Japan Aerosp. Exploration Agency/Earth Obs. Res. Center, Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerosp. Exploration Agency/Earth Obs. Res. Center, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101272482","display_name":"Tomohiro Shiraishi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomohiro Shiraishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan","Japan Aerosp. Exploration Agency/Earth Obs. Res. Center, Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerosp. Exploration Agency/Earth Obs. Res. Center, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041377798","display_name":"Rajesh Bahadur Thapa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4467-0148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Bahadur Thapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan","Japan Aerosp. Exploration Agency/Earth Obs. Res. Center, Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerosp. Exploration Agency/Earth Obs. Res. Center, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049983403","display_name":"Chinatsu Yonezawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-2206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chinatsu Yonezawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan","Grad. Sch. of Agric. Sci., Tohoku Univ., Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grad. Sch. of Agric. Sci., Tohoku Univ., Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066893926","display_name":"Kazuki Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-7690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuki Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan","Nat. Inst. of Adv. Ind. Sci. & Technol., Tsukuba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Inst. of Adv. Ind. Sci. & Technol., Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016225372","display_name":"Masanobu Shimada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-6679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masanobu Shimada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan","Japan Aerosp. Exploration Agency/Earth Obs. Res. Center, Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerosp. Exploration Agency/Earth Obs. Res. Center, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8141,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82625265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"11","first_page":"5799","last_page":"5813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12729","display_name":"Tree Root and Stability Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.474596232175827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36294761300086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3533953130245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3201430141925812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2841438055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.2138906717300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18214762210845947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.474596232175827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36294761300086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3533953130245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3201430141925812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2841438055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.2138906717300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18214762210845947}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2015.2415832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2415832","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/7185497/07118692.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01332:0004470372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://id.nii.ac.jp/1696/00022525/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.exst.jaxa.jp:a-is/548595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.exst.jaxa.jp/dspace/handle/a-is/548595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400084","display_name":"JAXA Repository (JAXA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","host_organization_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2015.2415832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2415832","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/7185497/07118692.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323533","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1496056937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1496056937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157053642","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1976359673","https://openalex.org/W1990831803","https://openalex.org/W1995504934","https://openalex.org/W2019449483","https://openalex.org/W2074209207","https://openalex.org/W2080588314","https://openalex.org/W2084670992","https://openalex.org/W2085985380","https://openalex.org/W2087352507","https://openalex.org/W2099813590","https://openalex.org/W2101493446","https://openalex.org/W2122673356","https://openalex.org/W2125305600","https://openalex.org/W2129391498","https://openalex.org/W2136417393","https://openalex.org/W2141607694","https://openalex.org/W2152269371","https://openalex.org/W2155663494","https://openalex.org/W2156084968","https://openalex.org/W2334833074","https://openalex.org/W2563920391","https://openalex.org/W3000530859"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2365333639","https://openalex.org/W2365371251","https://openalex.org/W2355247546","https://openalex.org/W2379488605","https://openalex.org/W2035313628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,256,264,320],"temporal":[1,88],"variations":[2],"(diurnal":[3],"and":[4,9,15,33,43,126,133,135,194,232,270,312,333],"annual)":[5],"in":[6,25,77,83,183,342],"arboreal":[7],"(\u03b5Tree)":[8],"bare":[10],"soil":[11],"(\u03b5Soil)":[12],"dielectric":[13,322],"constants":[14],"their":[16],"correlation":[17,177,207],"with":[18,186,197,216,281],"precipitation":[19,150,162,180,210,274],"were":[20,124,260],"examined":[21],"for":[22,129,213,298,313,324],"several":[23,184,195,214],"trees":[24],"Japan.":[26],"A":[27,175,205],"significant":[28,52],"(1":[29],"\u03c3":[30,63],"(standard":[31],"deviation)":[32],"2":[34],"\u03c3)":[35],"\u03b5Treeincrease":[36],"is":[37,181,192,203,211,236,296,329,340],"observed":[38,182,212],"after":[39],"rainfall":[40,47,142],"at":[41,66],"89.8%":[42],"90.5%":[44],"probability.":[45,69],"However,":[46],"does":[48],"not":[49],"always":[50],"induce":[51,61],"\u03b5Treeincreases.":[53],"Rainfall":[54],"of":[55,90,228,239,242,254,284,300,305,309,317],"more":[56,201],"than":[57],"5":[58],"mm/day":[59],"can":[60],"1":[62],"\u03b5TreeTree":[64],"increase":[65,76],"a":[67,84,237,325],"59.6%":[68],"In":[70],"order":[71],"to":[72,149,161,245],"examine":[73],"whether":[74],"the":[75,80,86,91,101,118,121,225,240,243,249,252,285,290,293,306,315,343],"\u03b5Tree":[78],"affects":[79],"L-band":[81,92,109],"\u03c30variation":[82],"forest,":[85],"four-year":[87],"variation":[89],"backscattering":[93],"coefficient":[94],"(\u03c30)":[95],"was":[96],"estimated":[97],"from":[98,117,248,303],"observations":[99],"by":[100,224],"Advanced":[102],"Land":[103],"Observing":[104],"Satellite":[105],"Phased":[106],"Array":[107],"type":[108],"Synthetic":[110],"Aperture":[111],"Radar.":[112],"Observed":[113],"maximum":[114],"absolute":[115],"deviations":[116],"mean":[119],"over":[120,138,152,164],"forest":[122],"area":[123],"1.0":[125],"1.2":[127],"dB":[128,137],"\u03c3HH0and":[130],"\u03c3HV0,":[131,188,199],"respectively,":[132],"4.0":[134],"3.0":[136],"open":[139],"land.":[140],"\u03c30and":[141],"correlations":[143],"show":[144],"that":[145,170,292,337],"\u03b5Treeand":[146],"\u03c3Forest0are":[147],"proportional":[148,160],"integrated":[151,163],"seven":[153],"or":[154],"eight":[155],"days;":[156],"\u03b5Soiland":[157],"\u03c3Open":[158],"land0are":[159],"three":[165],"days.":[166],"This":[167,287],"finding":[168],"indicates":[169,336],"\u03b5Treevariations":[171],"influence":[172,316],"\u03c3Forest":[173],"areas0.":[174],"stronger":[176],"between":[178,208,267,331],"\u03c3HV0and":[179,209],"sites":[185,196,215],"low":[187],"where":[189,200],"less":[190],"biomass":[191,202,269,302],"expected,":[193],"high":[198,217],"expected.":[204],"weaker":[206],"\u03c3HV0.":[218],"These":[219],"differences":[220],"may":[221],"be":[222],"explained":[223],"different":[226],"contributions":[227],"double":[229],"bounce":[230],"scattering":[231],"potential":[233],"transpiration,":[234],"which":[235,328],"measure":[238],"ability":[241],"atmosphere":[244],"remove":[246],"water":[247,339],"surface":[250],"through":[251],"processes":[253],"transpiration.":[255],"two":[257],"other":[258],"results":[259],"as":[261],"follows:":[262],"1)":[263],"functional":[265,307],"relation":[266],"aboveground":[268],"\u03c30showed":[271],"dependence":[272,308],"on":[273],"data,":[275],"this":[276],"being":[277],"an":[278],"effect":[279],"connected":[280],"seasonal":[282],"changes":[283],"\u03b5Tree.":[286],"experiment":[288],"reinforces":[289],"fact":[291],"dry":[294],"season":[295],"preferable":[297],"retrieval":[299],"woody":[301],"inversion":[304],"SAR":[310],"backscatter":[311],"avoiding":[314],"rainfall.":[318],"2)":[319],"complex":[321],"constant":[323],"tree":[326],"trunk,":[327],"measured":[330,344],"0.2":[332],"6":[334],"GHz,":[335],"free":[338],"dominant":[341],"tree.":[345]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}