{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020869550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2364823","title":"An Algorithm Based on the Standard Deviation of Passive Microwave Brightness Temperatures for Monitoring Soil Surface Freeze/Thaw State on the Tibetan Plateau","display_name":"An Algorithm Based on the Standard Deviation of Passive Microwave Brightness Temperatures for Monitoring Soil Surface Freeze/Thaw State on the Tibetan Plateau","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020869550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2364823","mag":"2020869550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2014.2364823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2364823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110199796","display_name":"Menglei Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141476","display_name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn6c508","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menglei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058780924","display_name":"Kun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-2371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141476","display_name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn6c508","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029611407","display_name":"Jun Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-2366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141476","display_name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn6c508","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020478633","display_name":"Rui Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-6535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144025","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/052acn261","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476","https://openalex.org/I4210144025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I870398029","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03qhz4n98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I870398029"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China","Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth Syst., Cold & Arid Regions Environ. & Eng. Res. Inst., Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth Syst., Cold & Arid Regions Environ. & Eng. Res. Inst., Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I870398029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110375487","display_name":"Yaoming Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8387-8721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141476","display_name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn6c508","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoming Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069561799","display_name":"Jun Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-3628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I870398029","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03qhz4n98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I870398029"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China","Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth Syst., Cold & Arid Regions Environ. & Eng. Res. Inst., Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth Syst., Cold & Arid Regions Environ. & Eng. Res. Inst., Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I870398029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394743","display_name":"Yingying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-3516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141476","display_name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn6c508","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045630835","display_name":"Long Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-8860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141476","display_name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn6c508","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, The John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, The John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112366117","display_name":"Lazhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141476","display_name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn6c508","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lazhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036154149","display_name":"Wenjun Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0219-6556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141476","display_name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn6c508","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab. of Tibetan Environ. Changes & Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Tibetan Plateau Res., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4918,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80457552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"5","first_page":"2775","last_page":"2783"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.7564835548400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.613310694694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5346505045890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.5075362920761108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.49255356192588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.49222055077552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plateau","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","score":0.4857199788093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.4604182541370392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.44103485345840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4072422385215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2883492708206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22538164258003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1687673032283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1614948809146881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.15822288393974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11476737260818481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08810067176818848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.7564835548400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.613310694694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5346505045890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.5075362920761108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.49255356192588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.49222055077552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4857199788093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.4604182541370392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.44103485345840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4072422385215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2883492708206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22538164258003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1687673032283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1614948809146881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.15822288393974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11476737260818481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08810067176818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2014.2364823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2364823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3071966700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41325019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4399668164","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c34\u70ed\u78b3\u8026\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u591a\u6e90\u9065\u611f\u8d44\u6599\u540c\u5316","funder_award_id":"41171268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580614973","https://openalex.org/W1598793890","https://openalex.org/W1965229099","https://openalex.org/W1968487307","https://openalex.org/W1974567999","https://openalex.org/W1990849343","https://openalex.org/W1996875821","https://openalex.org/W2007851974","https://openalex.org/W2016798699","https://openalex.org/W2021964057","https://openalex.org/W2025719935","https://openalex.org/W2032544113","https://openalex.org/W2039348932","https://openalex.org/W2040114615","https://openalex.org/W2044278456","https://openalex.org/W2069346497","https://openalex.org/W2080363681","https://openalex.org/W2086599780","https://openalex.org/W2087165560","https://openalex.org/W2087683351","https://openalex.org/W2097212954","https://openalex.org/W2098289300","https://openalex.org/W2098931551","https://openalex.org/W2105503694","https://openalex.org/W2118908388","https://openalex.org/W2122094243","https://openalex.org/W2123039388","https://openalex.org/W2124143635","https://openalex.org/W2127967130","https://openalex.org/W2130026402","https://openalex.org/W2130037298","https://openalex.org/W2146972543","https://openalex.org/W2157867401","https://openalex.org/W2166609657","https://openalex.org/W2168359209","https://openalex.org/W2175838288","https://openalex.org/W2177202117","https://openalex.org/W2904352846","https://openalex.org/W4237414713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381259876","https://openalex.org/W2016007472","https://openalex.org/W2360231461","https://openalex.org/W2413930784","https://openalex.org/W2140108161","https://openalex.org/W2005776842","https://openalex.org/W1983957298","https://openalex.org/W2165236048","https://openalex.org/W2013323393","https://openalex.org/W2109355119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,127,145],"land":[1],"surface":[2,71,240,264],"on":[3,49,185],"the":[4,19,33,40,50,67,77,90,109,117,131,149,161,169,177,186,201,212,222,231,238,244,248,259,263],"Tibetan":[5],"Plateau":[6],"(TP)":[7],"experiences":[8],"diurnal":[9],"and":[10,22,25,46,104,112,168,195,214,217,227,256],"seasonal":[11],"freeze/thaw":[12,72,241],"processes":[13],"that":[14,200],"play":[15],"important":[16],"roles":[17],"in":[18,164,191,236,243],"regional":[20],"water":[21,121],"energy":[23],"exchanges,":[24],"passive":[26],"microwave":[27,54,249],"satellites":[28],"provide":[29],"opportunities":[30],"to":[31,115],"detect":[32],"soil":[34,44,70,239],"state":[35,242],"for":[36,66,211],"this":[37,205],"region.":[38],"With":[39],"support":[41],"of":[42,69,82,93,119,148],"three":[43],"moisture":[45],"temperature":[47,84],"networks":[48,189],"TP,":[51],"a":[52,165],"dual-index":[53],"algorithm":[55,170,206,232],"with":[56,142,157,173],"Advanced":[57],"Microwave":[58],"Scanning":[59],"Radiometer-Earth":[60],"Observing":[61],"System":[62],"data":[63],"is":[64,76,87,108,113,130,139,171,207],"developed":[65],"detection":[68],"state.":[73],"One":[74],"index":[75,80,111,129],"standard":[78,91],"deviation":[79,92],"(SDI)":[81],"brightness":[83,96,135],"(TB),":[85],"which":[86,138],"defined":[88],"as":[89],"horizontally":[94],"polarized":[95,134],"temperatures":[97],"at":[98,221],"6.9,":[99],"10.7,":[100],"18.7,":[101],"23.8,":[102],"36.5,":[103],"89.0":[105],"GHz.":[106],"It":[107],"major":[110],"used":[114],"reflect":[116],"reduction":[118],"liquid":[120],"content":[122],"after":[123],"soils":[124,255],"get":[125],"frozen.":[126],"other":[128,174,187],"36.5-GHz":[132],"vertically":[133],"temperature$(\\hbox{TB}_{36.5}^{\\rm":[136],"V})$,":[137],"linearly":[140],"correlated":[141],"ground":[143],"temperature.":[144],"threshold":[146],"values":[147],"two":[150,188],"indices":[151],"(SDI":[152],"and$\\hbox{TB}_{36.5}^{\\rm":[153],"V}$)":[154],"are":[155,182],"determined":[156],"one":[158],"grid":[159],"from":[160,176],"network":[162],"located":[163,190],"semiarid":[166,215],"climate,":[167],"validated":[172],"grids":[175],"same":[178],"network.":[179],"Further":[180],"validations":[181],"conducted":[183],"based":[184],"different":[192],"climates":[193],"(semihumid":[194],"arid,":[196],"respectively).":[197],"Results":[198],"show":[199],"classification":[202],"accuracy":[203],"using":[204],"more":[208],"than":[209],"90%":[210],"semihumid":[213],"regions,":[216],"misclassifications":[218],"mainly":[219],"occur":[220],"transition":[223],"period":[224],"between":[225],"unfrozen":[226],"frozen":[228],"seasons.":[229],"Nevertheless,":[230],"has":[233],"limited":[234],"capability":[235],"identifying":[237],"arid":[245],"region":[246],"because":[247],"signals":[250],"can":[251],"penetrate":[252],"deep":[253],"dry":[254],"thus":[257],"embody":[258],"bulk":[260],"information":[261],"beyond":[262],"layer.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}