{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006107076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2336833","title":"Parameterization of Centimeter-Scale Sea Ice Surface Roughness Using Terrestrial LiDAR","display_name":"Parameterization of Centimeter-Scale Sea Ice Surface Roughness Using Terrestrial LiDAR","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006107076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2336833","mag":"2006107076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2014.2336833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2336833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035641239","display_name":"Jack Landy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-1007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack C. Landy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","Centre for Earth Obs. Sci., Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Earth Obs. Sci., Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030268807","display_name":"Dustin Isleifson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-8076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dustin Isleifson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","Univ Manitoba, University of Manitoba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ Manitoba, University of Manitoba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065935468","display_name":"Alexander S. Komarov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4645-2104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander S. Komarov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","Univ Manitoba, University of Manitoba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ Manitoba, University of Manitoba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082601680","display_name":"David G. Barber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-3291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David G. Barber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","Univ Manitoba, University of Manitoba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ Manitoba, University of Manitoba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9001895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"3","first_page":"1271","last_page":"1286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.723453164100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.6336011290550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.5955745577812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5583895444869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5381776690483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-finish","display_name":"Surface finish","score":0.5262888073921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.5190382599830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.5018165111541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.44831588864326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.41143184900283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.37462759017944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.2549956440925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.22241240739822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12548139691352844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.723453164100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.6336011290550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.5955745577812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5583895444869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5381776690483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.5262888073921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.5190382599830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.5018165111541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.44831588864326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.41143184900283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.37462759017944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.2549956440925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.22241240739822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12548139691352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2014.2336833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2336833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca:1993/34870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1993/34870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400554","display_name":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","host_organization_name":"University of Manitoba","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/2cc0ef51-042f-4bd0-8e59-762fb23c35e1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/2cc0ef51-042f-4bd0-8e59-762fb23c35e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Landy, J C, Isleifson, D, Komarov, A S & Barber, D G 2015, 'Parameterization of centimeter-scale sea ice surface roughness using terrestrial LiDAR', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 53, no. 3, 6866911, pp. 1271-1286. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2014.2336833","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/2cc0ef51-042f-4bd0-8e59-762fb23c35e1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/2cc0ef51-042f-4bd0-8e59-762fb23c35e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Landy, J C, Isleifson, D, Komarov, A S & Barber, D G 2015, 'Parameterization of centimeter-scale sea ice surface roughness using terrestrial LiDAR', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 53, no. 3, 6866911, pp. 1271-1286. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2014.2336833","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319864","display_name":"ArcticNet","ror":"https://ror.org/01tca3t44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3303320","https://openalex.org/W48960425","https://openalex.org/W84227776","https://openalex.org/W88414478","https://openalex.org/W1531410528","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1534053224","https://openalex.org/W1578922617","https://openalex.org/W1582563733","https://openalex.org/W1589384858","https://openalex.org/W1608677044","https://openalex.org/W1640621792","https://openalex.org/W1661217331","https://openalex.org/W1665633362","https://openalex.org/W1964995307","https://openalex.org/W1967552983","https://openalex.org/W1971667139","https://openalex.org/W1972817338","https://openalex.org/W1977428739","https://openalex.org/W1981485211","https://openalex.org/W1995731241","https://openalex.org/W2000925913","https://openalex.org/W2003934744","https://openalex.org/W2009598094","https://openalex.org/W2018993825","https://openalex.org/W2019884571","https://openalex.org/W2028544373","https://openalex.org/W2028604722","https://openalex.org/W2055828790","https://openalex.org/W2074937583","https://openalex.org/W2093768016","https://openalex.org/W2099430692","https://openalex.org/W2103973995","https://openalex.org/W2105564949","https://openalex.org/W2110779181","https://openalex.org/W2113077406","https://openalex.org/W2114711020","https://openalex.org/W2124497906","https://openalex.org/W2126110991","https://openalex.org/W2130119423","https://openalex.org/W2143682006","https://openalex.org/W2163283072","https://openalex.org/W2335086398","https://openalex.org/W2624997439","https://openalex.org/W4245312885","https://openalex.org/W4250756222","https://openalex.org/W6601946194","https://openalex.org/W6603383834","https://openalex.org/W6631977939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microwave":[0],"scattering":[1,135],"from":[2,38,57],"sea":[3,59,83,138,174],"ice":[4,10,60,84,121,139,175],"is":[5,90,162,181],"partially":[6],"controlled":[7],"by":[8],"the":[9,28,150,167,178],"surface":[11,24,85,106,142],"roughness.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"paper,":[15],"we":[16],"propose":[17],"a":[18,49,76,109,114,147,183],"technique":[19,89,116],"for":[20,75,137,173],"calculating":[21],"2-D":[22,69,88],"centimeter-scale":[23],"roughness":[25,53,73,107],"parameters,":[26],"including":[27],"rms":[29,168],"height,":[30],"correlation":[31,130,171],"length,":[32],"and":[33,43,71,81,102,170],"form":[34],"of":[35,52,65,79,149,153],"autocorrelation":[36],"function,":[37],"3-D":[39],"terrestrial":[40],"light":[41],"detection":[42],"ranging":[44],"data.":[45],"We":[46],"demonstrate":[47,159],"that":[48,133,144,160],"single":[50],"scale":[51],"can":[54,103],"be":[55,93],"extracted":[56],"complex":[58],"surfaces,":[61],"incorporating":[62],"multiple":[63],"scales":[64],"topography,":[66],"after":[67],"sophisticated":[68],"detrending,":[70],"calculate":[72],"parameters":[74],"wide":[77],"range":[78],"artificial":[80],"natural":[82],"types.":[86],"The":[87],"shown":[91],"to":[92,126],"considerably":[94],"more":[95],"precise":[96],"than":[97],"standard":[98],"1-D":[99,115],"profiling":[100],"techniques":[101],"therefore":[104],"characterize":[105],"as":[108,146],"stationary":[110],"single-scale":[111],"process,":[112],"which":[113],"typically":[117],"cannot":[118],"do.":[119],"Sea":[120],"surfaces":[122,176],"are":[123],"generally":[124],"found":[125],"have":[127],"strongly":[128],"anisotropic":[129],"lengths,":[131],"indicating":[132],"microwave":[134],"models":[136],"should":[140],"include":[141],"spectra":[143],"vary":[145],"function":[148],"azimuthal":[151],"angle":[152],"incident":[154],"radiation.":[155],"However,":[156],"our":[157],"results":[158],"there":[161],"no":[163],"fundamental":[164],"relationship":[165],"between":[166],"height":[169],"length":[172],"if":[177],"sampling":[179],"area":[180],"above":[182],"threshold":[184],"minimum":[185],"size.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
