{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138126656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2315649","title":"Evaluating Tree Detection and Segmentation Routines on Very High Resolution UAV LiDAR Data","display_name":"Evaluating Tree Detection and Segmentation Routines on Very High Resolution UAV LiDAR Data","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138126656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2315649","mag":"2138126656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2014.2315649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2315649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Evaluating_tree_detection_and_segmentation_routines_on_very_high_resolution_UAV_LiDAR_data/22912520","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065202731","display_name":"Luke Wallace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-8374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Wallace","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia","School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062850904","display_name":"Arko Lucieer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-4516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arko Lucieer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia","School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061389133","display_name":"Christopher Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7464-4592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher S. Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia","School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.9175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":256,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98896784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"12","first_page":"7619","last_page":"7628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7987425923347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7930010557174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.641087532043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6173533797264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5808367133140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5418196320533752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.5065420866012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.49707964062690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"Forest inventory","score":0.48972800374031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy","display_name":"Tree canopy","score":0.4476102590560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4263773560523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multirotor","display_name":"Multirotor","score":0.41199707984924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39516404271125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"Forest management","score":0.33770251274108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.29242420196533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21205097436904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15523761510849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry","display_name":"Agroforestry","score":0.10297513008117676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7987425923347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7930010557174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.641087532043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6173533797264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5808367133140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5418196320533752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.5065420866012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.49707964062690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.48972800374031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.4476102590560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4263773560523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781351190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3772377","display_name":"Multirotor","level":2,"score":0.41199707984924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39516404271125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.33770251274108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.29242420196533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21205097436904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15523761510849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.10297513008117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2014.2315649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2315649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:93118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ecite.utas.edu.au/93118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401569","display_name":"eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","host_organization_name":"University of Tasmania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Refereed Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61RMIT_INST:11247748930001341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2014.2315649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/22912520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Evaluating_tree_detection_and_segmentation_routines_on_very_high_resolution_UAV_LiDAR_data/22912520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27476634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Evaluating_tree_detection_and_segmentation_routines_on_very_high_resolution_UAV_LiDAR_data/27476634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/22912520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Evaluating_tree_detection_and_segmentation_routines_on_very_high_resolution_UAV_LiDAR_data/22912520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1846753643","https://openalex.org/W1970437612","https://openalex.org/W1977272377","https://openalex.org/W1983818779","https://openalex.org/W1987794512","https://openalex.org/W1990763871","https://openalex.org/W1991576283","https://openalex.org/W1994585903","https://openalex.org/W1996263757","https://openalex.org/W2002289264","https://openalex.org/W2006286431","https://openalex.org/W2010480955","https://openalex.org/W2014091167","https://openalex.org/W2017131791","https://openalex.org/W2019126302","https://openalex.org/W2020984563","https://openalex.org/W2025234276","https://openalex.org/W2026647224","https://openalex.org/W2030359906","https://openalex.org/W2040827641","https://openalex.org/W2041408126","https://openalex.org/W2044046051","https://openalex.org/W2051055857","https://openalex.org/W2068845501","https://openalex.org/W2076700149","https://openalex.org/W2080157231","https://openalex.org/W2083565284","https://openalex.org/W2083667368","https://openalex.org/W2090858999","https://openalex.org/W2122920344","https://openalex.org/W2131058553","https://openalex.org/W2132321682","https://openalex.org/W2137749102","https://openalex.org/W2137933418","https://openalex.org/W2146974384","https://openalex.org/W2155714399","https://openalex.org/W2165044919","https://openalex.org/W2165148193","https://openalex.org/W2170395660","https://openalex.org/W2590058928","https://openalex.org/W6678293961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2728521155","https://openalex.org/W2810775292","https://openalex.org/W3150660900","https://openalex.org/W2556504211","https://openalex.org/W2914097399","https://openalex.org/W2625580943","https://openalex.org/W3212684323","https://openalex.org/W4388145564","https://openalex.org/W4206669941","https://openalex.org/W2040058778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light":[0],"detection":[1,113,123,150,187],"and":[2,44,66,82,115,124,164,176,188,202],"Ranging":[3],"(LiDAR)":[4],"is":[5,60,92],"becoming":[6],"an":[7,76,137],"increasingly":[8],"used":[9,54],"tool":[10],"to":[11,41,62,93,107,209,226,234,239],"support":[12],"decision-making":[13,145],"processes":[14],"within":[15,35],"forest":[16,28,72,143],"operations.":[17],"Area-based":[18],"methods":[19],"that":[20,173,197,248],"derive":[21],"information":[22],"on":[23,30,118],"the":[24,31,36,57,79,109,112,119,159,165,183,186,200,203,214,217,242,252,256],"condition":[25],"of":[26,33,78,89,111,121,140,185,190,213,244,251,255],"a":[27,100,131],"based":[29],"distribution":[32],"points":[34],"canopy":[37,166],"have":[38],"been":[39],"proven":[40],"produce":[42],"reliable":[43],"consistent":[45],"results.":[46],"Individual":[47],"tree-based":[48],"methods,":[49],"however,":[50],"are":[51,179],"not":[52],"yet":[53],"operationally":[55],"in":[56,64,75,130,182,216,221,241],"industry.":[58],"This":[59],"due":[61],"problems":[63],"detecting":[65],"delineating":[67],"individual":[68,191],"trees":[69,156,215],"under":[70],"varying":[71],"conditions":[73],"resulting":[74],"underestimation":[77],"stem":[80],"count":[81],"biases":[83],"toward":[84],"larger":[85],"trees.":[86,192],"The":[87,126,170,193],"aim":[88],"this":[90],"paper":[91],"use":[94,250],"high-resolution":[95],"LiDAR":[96],"data":[97],"captured":[98],"from":[99,158],"small":[101],"multirotor":[102],"unmanned":[103],"aerial":[104],"vehicle":[105],"platform":[106],"determine":[108],"influence":[110],"algorithm":[114,175],"point":[116,160,177,205,222],"density":[117,178,223,254],"accuracy":[120,184],"tree":[122,149],"delineation.":[125],"study":[127,218],"was":[128,207],"conducted":[129],"four-year-old":[132],"Eucalyptus":[133],"globulus":[134],"stand":[135],"representing":[136],"important":[138,180],"stage":[139],"growth":[141],"for":[142,246],"management":[144],"process.":[146],"Five":[147],"different":[148],"routines":[151],"were":[152],"implemented,":[153],"which":[154],"delineate":[155],"directly":[157],"cloud,":[161],"voxel":[162],"space,":[163],"height":[167],"model":[168],"(CHM).":[169],"results":[171],"suggest":[172],"both":[174,199],"considerations":[181],"delineation":[189],"best":[194],"performing":[195],"method":[196],"utilized":[198],"CHM":[201],"original":[204],"cloud":[206],"able":[208],"correctly":[210],"detect":[211],"98%":[212],"area.":[219],"Increases":[220],"(from":[224],"5":[225],"50":[227],"points/m":[228],"<sup":[229],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[230],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[231],")":[232],"lead":[233],"significant":[235],"improvements":[236],"(of":[237],"up":[238],"8%)":[240],"rate":[243],"omission":[245],"algorithms":[247],"made":[249],"high":[253],"data.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}