{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992002895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2303635","title":"Multisensor Microwave Sensitivity to Freeze/Thaw Dynamics Across a Complex Boreal Landscape","display_name":"Multisensor Microwave Sensitivity to Freeze/Thaw Dynamics Across a Complex Boreal Landscape","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992002895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2303635","mag":"1992002895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2014.2303635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2303635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016213145","display_name":"E. Podest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-5369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erika Podest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103453090","display_name":"Kyle C. McDonald","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle C. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["City College of New York, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City College of New York, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I125687163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012801147","display_name":"John S. Kimball","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6750721","display_name":"University of Montana","ror":"https://ror.org/0078xmk34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John S. Kimball","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA","Div. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Montana, Polson, MT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Div. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Montana, Polson, MT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4401,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91511041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"11","first_page":"6818","last_page":"6828"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6608263254165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6420204639434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5683395266532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taiga","display_name":"Taiga","score":0.5585633516311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5374045968055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5360925793647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5008344650268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.4415457844734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.43765074014663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4344967007637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.35048890113830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3461742401123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.301552414894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2744753956794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14877170324325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1361633539199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.13353127241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.12940746545791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12117612361907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.11679244041442871}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6608263254165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6420204639434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5683395266532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87621631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69564","display_name":"Taiga","level":2,"score":0.5585633516311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5374045968055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5360925793647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5008344650268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.4415457844734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.43765074014663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.4344967007637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.35048890113830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3461742401123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.301552414894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2744753956794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14877170324325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1361633539199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.13353127241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.12940746545791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12117612361907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11679244041442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2014.2303635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2303635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:ntsg_pubs-1284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/ntsg_pubs/285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190740074","display_name":"The Mathematics Enthusiast","issn_l":"1551-3440","issn":["1551-3440"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W561400544","https://openalex.org/W633159535","https://openalex.org/W1498446072","https://openalex.org/W1514136519","https://openalex.org/W1516705227","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1593954678","https://openalex.org/W1600455797","https://openalex.org/W1604347284","https://openalex.org/W1966652425","https://openalex.org/W1989925218","https://openalex.org/W1991893068","https://openalex.org/W1998720178","https://openalex.org/W2005908526","https://openalex.org/W2009927232","https://openalex.org/W2010884258","https://openalex.org/W2015129595","https://openalex.org/W2025169816","https://openalex.org/W2026915711","https://openalex.org/W2029449972","https://openalex.org/W2039348932","https://openalex.org/W2043735836","https://openalex.org/W2055588961","https://openalex.org/W2055597457","https://openalex.org/W2060476649","https://openalex.org/W2061505428","https://openalex.org/W2062471291","https://openalex.org/W2062746709","https://openalex.org/W2072304686","https://openalex.org/W2072806535","https://openalex.org/W2075369191","https://openalex.org/W2075573792","https://openalex.org/W2075575598","https://openalex.org/W2080352380","https://openalex.org/W2081425869","https://openalex.org/W2092657652","https://openalex.org/W2097212954","https://openalex.org/W2105503694","https://openalex.org/W2106052468","https://openalex.org/W2114992792","https://openalex.org/W2125305600","https://openalex.org/W2130026402","https://openalex.org/W2131982632","https://openalex.org/W2137194116","https://openalex.org/W2144260774","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2156084968","https://openalex.org/W2163226801","https://openalex.org/W2164107214","https://openalex.org/W2166371879","https://openalex.org/W2179952737","https://openalex.org/W2334892014","https://openalex.org/W2591845477","https://openalex.org/W6734174656"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2913143114","https://openalex.org/W2060524912","https://openalex.org/W2314704010","https://openalex.org/W1584003442","https://openalex.org/W2317224478","https://openalex.org/W2084452007","https://openalex.org/W2996275564","https://openalex.org/W4250354563","https://openalex.org/W2242764613","https://openalex.org/W597570173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"annual":[1],"freeze/thaw":[2],"(FT)":[3],"cycle":[4],"determines":[5],"the":[6,30,104,172,184,195,229],"potential":[7],"growing":[8],"season":[9],"in":[10,133],"boreal":[11,245],"landscapes":[12],"and":[13,21,45,53,61,79,91,127,130,140,149,169,186,193,217,241],"is":[14],"a":[15,74,179,244],"major":[16],"factor":[17],"determining":[18],"ecosystem":[19],"productivity":[20],"associated":[22],"exchange":[23],"of":[24,34,41,77,103,207],"trace":[25],"gases":[26],"(CO2,":[27],"H2O)":[28],"with":[29,159,198],"atmosphere.":[31],"Accurate":[32],"characterization":[33],"these":[35],"processes":[36],"can":[37],"improve":[38],"regional":[39],"assessment":[40],"seasonal":[42],"carbon":[43],"dynamics":[44],"climate":[46],"feedbacks.":[47],"FT":[48,96,108,119,134,156,196,225,239],"process":[49],"variations":[50],"are":[51,152],"spatially":[52],"temporally":[54],"complex":[55,126],"due":[56],"to":[57,107,137,154,183],"topography,":[58],"snow":[59],"depth":[60],"wetness,":[62],"land":[63,199],"cover,":[64],"or":[65],"local":[66],"climatic":[67],"conditions.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"perform":[73],"landscape":[75,155],"analysis":[76],"multifrequency":[78],"multitemporal":[80],"satellite":[81],"microwave":[82],"remote":[83],"sensing":[84],"measurements":[85],"at":[86,167,175],"L-band":[87,187,238],"(JERS-1),":[88],"C-band":[89,185],"(ERS),":[90],"Ku-band":[92,150],"(QuikSCAT)":[93],"for":[94,162,211,228],"characterizing":[95],"dynamics.":[97],"We":[98,115,177],"first":[99],"analyze":[100],"backscatter":[101,151,161],"sensitivity":[102,240],"three":[105],"frequencies":[106],"conditions":[109,166],"over":[110,121,189,243],"selected":[111],"Alaska":[112],"temperature":[113],"sites.":[114],"then":[116],"apply":[117],"an":[118],"classifier":[120],"two":[122],"study":[123,191],"areas":[124,192],"(wetland":[125],"moderate":[128],"topography)":[129],"examine":[131],"differences":[132],"timing":[135],"according":[136],"vegetation,":[138],"elevation,":[139],"north/south":[141],"facing":[142,213],"slope.":[143],"Results":[144],"show":[145],"that":[146],"L-,":[147],"C-,":[148],"sensitive":[153],"state":[157],"transitions,":[158],"higher":[160],"nonfrozen":[163],"than":[164],"frozen":[165],"C-":[168],"L-bands":[170],"but":[171],"opposite":[173],"response":[174],"Ku-band.":[176],"applied":[178],"change":[180],"detection":[181],"algorithm":[182,226],"data":[188],"both":[190],"analyzed":[194],"classifications":[197],"cover":[200],"information.":[201],"These":[202],"results":[203,221],"resolve":[204],"characteristic":[205],"patterns":[206],"earlier":[208],"spring":[209],"thawing":[210],"south":[212],"slopes,":[214],"lower":[215],"elevations,":[216],"coniferous":[218],"vegetation.":[219],"Our":[220],"also":[222],"inform":[223],"similar":[224],"development":[227],"NASA":[230],"Soil":[231],"Moisture":[232],"Active":[233],"Passive":[234],"mission":[235],"by":[236],"documenting":[237],"heterogeneity":[242],"landscape.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}