{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071282575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2299540","title":"Detection of Compound Structures Using a Gaussian Mixture Model With Spectral and Spatial Constraints","display_name":"Detection of Compound Structures Using a Gaussian Mixture Model With Spectral and Spatial Constraints","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071282575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2299540","mag":"2071282575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2014.2299540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2299540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/bitstreams/b6879356-854c-4012-a837-dd6e8f3b1376/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020910002","display_name":"\u00c7a\u011flar Ar\u0131","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168864056","display_name":"Bilkent University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vh8a032","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caglar Ari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electr. & Electron Eng., Bilkent Univ., Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron Eng., Bilkent Univ., Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003826893","display_name":"Selim Aksoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4185-0565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168864056","display_name":"Bilkent University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vh8a032","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selim Aksoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey","Department of Computer Engineering Bilkent University  Ankara Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Bilkent University  Ankara Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9632,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91640747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"10","first_page":"6627","last_page":"6638"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.838374137878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7098984122276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6015071272850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5706383585929871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5581995248794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5282177925109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5036854147911072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4889475107192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.46891865134239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-network-model","display_name":"Gaussian network model","score":0.4618813693523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.44066622853279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.43940457701683044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.4205491542816162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3541980981826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3425303101539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2208922803401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.2049996554851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1534499228000641}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.838374137878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7098984122276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6015071272850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5706383585929871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5581995248794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5282177925109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5036854147911072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4889475107192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.46891865134239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166550679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263400","display_name":"Gaussian network model","level":3,"score":0.4618813693523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.44066622853279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.43940457701683044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.4205491542816162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3541980981826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3425303101539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2208922803401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.2049996554851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1534499228000641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2014.2299540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2299540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.bilkent.edu.tr:11693/26622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11693/26622","pdf_url":"https://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/bitstreams/b6879356-854c-4012-a837-dd6e8f3b1376/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400079","display_name":"Bilkent University Institutional Repository (Bilkent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I168864056","host_organization_name":"Bilkent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.bilkent.edu.tr:11693/26622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11693/26622","pdf_url":"https://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/bitstreams/b6879356-854c-4012-a837-dd6e8f3b1376/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400079","display_name":"Bilkent University Institutional Repository (Bilkent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I168864056","host_organization_name":"Bilkent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4260067395","display_name":"S\u0131rad\u00fczensel \u00e7izge modelleri ile \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc madencili\u011fi","funder_award_id":"109E193","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071282575.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071282575.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1579271636","https://openalex.org/W1995444699","https://openalex.org/W2001298023","https://openalex.org/W2009086942","https://openalex.org/W2018665129","https://openalex.org/W2028518601","https://openalex.org/W2029888153","https://openalex.org/W2040001744","https://openalex.org/W2059089906","https://openalex.org/W2062569224","https://openalex.org/W2094860083","https://openalex.org/W2098642880","https://openalex.org/W2129274723","https://openalex.org/W2133003941","https://openalex.org/W2139692412","https://openalex.org/W2148791530","https://openalex.org/W2154422044","https://openalex.org/W2155739188","https://openalex.org/W2162571419","https://openalex.org/W2163294327","https://openalex.org/W2166424889","https://openalex.org/W2544811378","https://openalex.org/W2798766386","https://openalex.org/W3048180500","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4254384208","https://openalex.org/W4300235073","https://openalex.org/W4300655869","https://openalex.org/W6654818119","https://openalex.org/W6668173925","https://openalex.org/W6682762085","https://openalex.org/W6844144587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1669643531","https://openalex.org/W2385052295","https://openalex.org/W2806332051","https://openalex.org/W2390582229","https://openalex.org/W2769344286","https://openalex.org/W2034956049","https://openalex.org/W2390912352","https://openalex.org/W2115345037","https://openalex.org/W2963476176","https://openalex.org/W2168237838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"spectral":[1,77,130],"and":[2,21,43,59,78,85,128,131],"spatial":[3,50,95,132,165],"resolution":[4],"of":[5,14,17,39,49,52,81,118,154],"new-generation":[6],"remotely":[7],"sensed":[8],"images":[9,179],"necessitate":[10],"the":[11,71,76,82,106,135,143,149,158,164,182],"joint":[12],"use":[13],"both":[15],"types":[16,38],"information":[18],"for":[19,30,173],"detection":[20,107],"classification":[22],"tasks.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"describes":[26],"a":[27,99,125,139],"new":[28,140],"approach":[29,63],"detecting":[31],"heterogeneous":[32],"compound":[33],"structures":[34,188],"such":[35,55],"as":[36,56],"different":[37],"residential,":[40],"agricultural,":[41],"commercial,":[42],"industrial":[44],"areas":[45],"that":[46,104,120,148,181,189],"are":[47,168],"comprised":[48],"arrangements":[51],"primitive":[53],"objects":[54],"buildings,":[57],"roads,":[58],"trees.":[60],"The":[61,112],"proposed":[62,183],"uses":[64],"Gaussian":[65,73,159],"mixture":[66],"models":[67,161],"(GMMs),":[68],"in":[69],"which":[70],"individual":[72,83],"components":[74],"model":[75,89,93],"shape":[79],"characteristics":[80],"primitives":[84],"an":[86,115],"associated":[87],"layout":[88,166],"is":[90,114,121],"used":[91,122],"to":[92,123,142,157],"their":[94],"arrangements.":[96],"We":[97],"propose":[98],"novel":[100],"expectation-maximization":[101],"(EM)":[102],"algorithm":[103,137],"solves":[105],"problem":[108],"using":[109,177,193],"constrained":[110],"optimization.":[111],"input":[113],"example":[116],"structure":[117],"interest":[119],"estimate":[124],"reference":[126],"GMM":[127,141],"construct":[129],"constraints.":[133],"Then,":[134],"EM":[136],"fits":[138],"target":[144],"image":[145],"data":[146],"so":[147],"pixels":[150],"with":[151],"high":[152],"likelihoods":[153],"being":[155],"similar":[156],"object":[160],"while":[162],"satisfying":[163],"constraints":[167],"identified":[169],"without":[170],"any":[171],"requirement":[172],"region":[174],"segmentation.":[175],"Experiments":[176],"WorldView-2":[178],"show":[180],"method":[184],"can":[185],"detect":[186],"high-level":[187],"cannot":[190],"be":[191],"modeled":[192],"traditional":[194],"techniques.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-10T07:06:39.071514","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}