{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123195558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2275753","title":"Observing System Simulation Experiment Study on Imaging the Ionosphere by Assimilating Observations From Ground GNSS, LEO-Based Radio Occultation and Ocean Reflection, and Cross Link","display_name":"Observing System Simulation Experiment Study on Imaging the Ionosphere by Assimilating Observations From Ground GNSS, LEO-Based Radio Occultation and Ocean Reflection, and Cross Link","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123195558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2275753","mag":"2123195558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2275753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2275753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027977571","display_name":"Xinan Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3379-9392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799356940","display_name":"University Corporation for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhyn23","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinan Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","Constellation Observing Syst. for Meteorol., Ionosphere, & Climate Program Office, Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Constellation Observing Syst. for Meteorol., Ionosphere, & Climate Program Office, Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038934954","display_name":"William Schreiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-2674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799356940","display_name":"University Corporation for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhyn23","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William S. Schreiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","Constellation Observing Syst. for Meteorol., Ionosphere, & Climate Program Office, Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Constellation Observing Syst. for Meteorol., Ionosphere, & Climate Program Office, Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070955039","display_name":"Ying\u2010Hwa Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-7271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799356940","display_name":"University Corporation for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhyn23","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Hwa Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","Constellation Observing Syst. for Meteorol., Ionosphere, & Climate Program Office, Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Constellation Observing Syst. for Meteorol., Ionosphere, & Climate Program Office, Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004712020","display_name":"John Braun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-7739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799356940","display_name":"University Corporation for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhyn23","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John J. Braun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","Constellation Observing Syst. for Meteorol., Ionosphere, & Climate Program Office, Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Constellation Observing Syst. for Meteorol., Ionosphere, & Climate Program Office, Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101685930","display_name":"Yu\u2010Cheng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6112-3723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799356940","display_name":"University Corporation for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhyn23","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Cheng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","Constellation Observing Syst. for Meteorol., Ionosphere, & Climate Program Office, Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Constellation Observing Syst. for Meteorol., Ionosphere, & Climate Program Office, Univ. Corp. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037227927","display_name":"Weixing Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-5115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixing Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Inst. of Geol. & Geophys., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Geol. & Geophys., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85780122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"7","first_page":"3759","last_page":"3773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-occultation","display_name":"Radio occultation","score":0.8119621276855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.675478458404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6110873818397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.5822607278823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5581846833229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5104021430015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47932326793670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glonass","display_name":"GLONASS","score":0.4771442115306854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occultation","display_name":"Occultation","score":0.47000983357429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.38035833835601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.34849831461906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31127697229385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19671902060508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.1705021858215332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777034083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1560557","display_name":"Radio occultation","level":3,"score":0.8119621276855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.675478458404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6110873818397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.5822607278823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5581846833229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5104021430015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47932326793670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102451475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486250","display_name":"GLONASS","level":4,"score":0.4771442115306854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131040042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202746","display_name":"Occultation","level":2,"score":0.47000983357429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.38035833835601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.34849831461906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31127697229385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19671902060508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.1705021858215332}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2275753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2275753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4625870859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AGS-1033112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5556236052","display_name":"\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u957f\u671f\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u6a21\u62df\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"40904037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6227776463","display_name":"\u4e2d\u4f4e\u7eac\u7535\u79bb\u5c42-\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u52a8\u529b\u8026\u5408\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41131066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137139021","https://openalex.org/W1506342804","https://openalex.org/W1551104003","https://openalex.org/W1563300341","https://openalex.org/W1579630985","https://openalex.org/W1593450403","https://openalex.org/W1617841925","https://openalex.org/W1645324970","https://openalex.org/W1658490829","https://openalex.org/W1660767182","https://openalex.org/W1785264469","https://openalex.org/W1842637843","https://openalex.org/W1986964719","https://openalex.org/W1987141845","https://openalex.org/W1990863308","https://openalex.org/W1999118448","https://openalex.org/W2017512253","https://openalex.org/W2018318525","https://openalex.org/W2020713378","https://openalex.org/W2021059374","https://openalex.org/W2039898771","https://openalex.org/W2058211111","https://openalex.org/W2060157039","https://openalex.org/W2061390890","https://openalex.org/W2067552149","https://openalex.org/W2068265070","https://openalex.org/W2069507769","https://openalex.org/W2096453255","https://openalex.org/W2096713129","https://openalex.org/W2101877435","https://openalex.org/W2116545667","https://openalex.org/W2125513050","https://openalex.org/W2133906924","https://openalex.org/W2142329187","https://openalex.org/W2142555884","https://openalex.org/W2153568285","https://openalex.org/W2154296673","https://openalex.org/W2154590891","https://openalex.org/W2598883324","https://openalex.org/W2990229927","https://openalex.org/W3115101370","https://openalex.org/W6638989826","https://openalex.org/W6735053411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387803436","https://openalex.org/W2390164635","https://openalex.org/W2357931400","https://openalex.org/W2492464340","https://openalex.org/W1543145586","https://openalex.org/W581459807","https://openalex.org/W2076760108","https://openalex.org/W2039477464","https://openalex.org/W4233201170","https://openalex.org/W2376741192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3],"global":[4,49,51,76,193],"ionospheric":[5,194,207,213],"data":[6],"assimilation":[7],"model":[8,16],"is":[9,25,199,216],"constructed":[10],"based":[11,45],"on":[12,46],"the":[13,18,29,47,57,74,87,142,152,156,161,169,172,192,205],"empirical":[14],"international-reference-ionosphere":[15],"and":[17,32,65,73,79,101,122,130,135,180],"Kalman":[19],"filter.":[20],"A":[21,35],"sparse":[22],"matrix":[23],"method":[24],"used":[26],"to":[27,190,201,204],"militate":[28],"huge":[30],"computation":[31],"storage":[33],"problems.":[34],"series":[36],"of":[37,117,126],"observing":[38],"system":[39,54,78],"simulation":[40],"experiments":[41],"has":[42],"been":[43],"performed":[44],"existing":[48,162],"ground-based":[50,118,163],"navigation":[52],"satellite":[53],"(GNSS)":[55],"network,":[56,165],"planned":[58],"Constellation":[59],"Observing":[60],"System":[61,83],"for":[62],"Meteorology,":[63],"Ionosphere,":[64],"Climate":[66],"#2/Formosa":[67],"Satellite":[68,82],"Mission":[69],"#7":[70],"(COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7)":[71],"orbits,":[72],"real":[75],"position":[77],"GLObal":[80],"NAvigation":[81],"(GLONASS)":[84],"orbits.":[85],"Specifically,":[86],"COSMIC-2":[88,133,197],"will":[89],"have":[90],"six":[91,102],"24":[92,176],"<sup":[93,104,177,182],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[94,105,178,183],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u00b0</sup>":[95,106,179,184],"inclination":[96,107,137],"satellites":[97,108,138,185],"in":[98,109,150,212],"500-km":[99],"altitude":[100],"72":[103,181],"800-km":[110],"altitude.":[111],"The":[112,145,175,196],"slant":[113],"total":[114],"electron":[115],"content":[116],"GNSS,":[119],"radio":[120],"occultation":[121],"ocean":[123],"reflection":[124],"(OR)":[125],"12":[127],"low-Earth-orbit":[128],"satellites,":[129],"cross-link":[131],"between":[132],"low":[134],"high":[136],"are":[139],"simulated":[140],"by":[141],"NeQuick":[143],"model.":[144],"ORs":[146],"show":[147],"great":[148],"impacts":[149],"specifying":[151],"ionosphere":[153,170],"except":[154],"over":[155,171],"inland":[157],"area.":[158,174],"It":[159],"complements":[160],"GNSS":[164],"which":[166],"mainly":[167],"observes":[168],"land":[173],"can":[186],"complement":[187],"each":[188],"other":[189],"optimize":[191],"specification.":[195],"mission":[198],"expected":[200],"contribute":[202],"significantly":[203],"accurate":[206],"nowcast.":[208],"Its":[209],"potential":[210],"ability":[211],"short-term":[214],"forecast":[215],"also":[217],"discussed.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
