{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101926110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2258468","title":"Bayesian Active Remote Sensing Image Classification","display_name":"Bayesian Active Remote Sensing Image Classification","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101926110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2258468","mag":"2101926110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2258468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2258468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087007642","display_name":"Pablo Ruiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-0212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ciencias de la Computaci&#x00F3;n e I. A., Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain","Dept. of Cienc. de la Comput. e I. A., Univ. de Granada, Granada, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ciencias de la Computaci&#x00F3;n e I. A., Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Cienc. de la Comput. e I. A., Univ. de Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090429413","display_name":"Javier Mateos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8455-1771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Mateos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ciencias de la Computaci&#x00F3;n e I. A., Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain","Dept. of Cienc. de la Comput. e I. A., Univ. de Granada, Granada, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ciencias de la Computaci&#x00F3;n e I. A., Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Cienc. de la Comput. e I. A., Univ. de Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039052506","display_name":"Gustau Camps\u2010Valls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-2138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317635190","display_name":"Valve (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020esap58","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317635190"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Camps-Valls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Laboratory, Universitat de Val&#x00E9;ncia, Val&#x00E9;ncia, Spain","Image Process. Lab., Univ. de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Laboratory, Universitat de Val&#x00E9;ncia, Val&#x00E9;ncia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317635190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Process. Lab., Univ. de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023830568","display_name":"Rafael Molina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Molina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ciencias de la Computaci&#x00F3;n e I. A., Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain","Dept. of Cienc. de la Comput. e I. A., Univ. de Granada, Granada, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ciencias de la Computaci&#x00F3;n e I. A., Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Cienc. de la Comput. e I. A., Univ. de Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048650003","display_name":"Aggelos K. Katsaggelos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4554-0070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aggelos K. Katsaggelos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. and Comput. Sci., Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. and Comput. Sci., Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087007642"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97984366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"4","first_page":"2186","last_page":"2196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.63411545753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5782146453857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5139924883842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5131180882453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.49493855237960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-boundary","display_name":"Decision boundary","score":0.48721760511398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.45177358388900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44944289326667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.440046489238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.43698757886886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4301857054233551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4194384813308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.41236674785614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24436423182487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2042313814163208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.63411545753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5782146453857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5139924883842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5131180882453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.49493855237960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42023084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249231","display_name":"Decision boundary","level":3,"score":0.48721760511398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.45177358388900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44944289326667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.440046489238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.43698757886886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4301857054233551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4194384813308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.41236674785614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24436423182487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2042313814163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2258468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2258468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.650.5804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.650.5804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://decsai.ugr.es/vip/files/journals/TGSRS13_BALRS.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.719.8740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.719.8740","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ivpl.eecs.northwestern.edu/sites/default/files/Ruiz_GRS_April_2014.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320915","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59495185","https://openalex.org/W1496317909","https://openalex.org/W1506806321","https://openalex.org/W1540484164","https://openalex.org/W1560724230","https://openalex.org/W1591116419","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1746819321","https://openalex.org/W1904950888","https://openalex.org/W1983989471","https://openalex.org/W1988520084","https://openalex.org/W1996278632","https://openalex.org/W2045331152","https://openalex.org/W2065513175","https://openalex.org/W2082397227","https://openalex.org/W2096334333","https://openalex.org/W2098758111","https://openalex.org/W2099526299","https://openalex.org/W2100835628","https://openalex.org/W2101365302","https://openalex.org/W2101927381","https://openalex.org/W2104269704","https://openalex.org/W2107131609","https://openalex.org/W2108807072","https://openalex.org/W2113464037","https://openalex.org/W2114425727","https://openalex.org/W2115305054","https://openalex.org/W2116723448","https://openalex.org/W2121615264","https://openalex.org/W2129564505","https://openalex.org/W2133864802","https://openalex.org/W2134601045","https://openalex.org/W2137512539","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2139573966","https://openalex.org/W2143789670","https://openalex.org/W2147361252","https://openalex.org/W2147590979","https://openalex.org/W2150045166","https://openalex.org/W2150621701","https://openalex.org/W2154772499","https://openalex.org/W2155398148","https://openalex.org/W2156929696","https://openalex.org/W2163887005","https://openalex.org/W2167881994","https://openalex.org/W2169987840","https://openalex.org/W2492794003","https://openalex.org/W2548695521","https://openalex.org/W2903158431","https://openalex.org/W2974222084","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3007818867","https://openalex.org/W3014813097","https://openalex.org/W3144619878","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4235713725","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301501800","https://openalex.org/W4312091107","https://openalex.org/W6680007464","https://openalex.org/W6680216138","https://openalex.org/W6682590970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W2022304901","https://openalex.org/W2018850895","https://openalex.org/W2988577871","https://openalex.org/W1987483041","https://openalex.org/W3209982355"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,85],"recent":[1,59],"years,":[2],"kernel":[3,187],"methods,":[4],"in":[5,56,72,235,243,259],"particular":[6,63,140],"support":[7],"vector":[8],"machines":[9],"(SVMs),":[10],"have":[11],"been":[12,53],"successfully":[13],"introduced":[14],"to":[15,69,100,117,168,209,257],"remote":[16,73,103,123],"sensing":[17,74,104,124],"image":[18,32,105,125],"classification.":[19,126],"Their":[20],"properties":[21],"make":[22],"them":[23],"appropriate":[24,131],"for":[25,132,270],"dealing":[26],"with":[27,211,263,277,302],"a":[28,35,62,96,294],"high":[29],"number":[30,37,304],"of":[31,38,44,77,82,91,121,142,162,193,197,201,224,240,266,305],"features":[33],"and":[34,80,114,135,171,189,229,234,247,272,291,299],"low":[36],"available":[39],"labeled":[40],"spectra.":[41],"The":[42,139,215],"introduction":[43],"alternative":[45],"approaches":[46],"based":[47,153],"on":[48,154,220],"(parametric)":[49],"Bayesian":[50,93,112,128,184],"inference":[51,115],"has":[52],"quite":[54],"scarce":[55],"the":[57,78,83,88,102,111,119,159,165,173,182,186,190,194,198,202,221,260,264,303],"more":[58],"years.":[60],"Assuming":[61],"prior":[64],"data":[65,233],"distribution":[66,192,200],"may":[67],"lead":[68],"poor":[70],"results":[71,252],"problems":[75],"because":[76],"specificities":[79],"complexity":[81],"data.":[84],"this":[86],"context,":[87],"emerging":[89],"field":[90],"nonparametric":[92],"methods":[94,286],"constitutes":[95],"proper":[97],"theoretical":[98],"framework":[99],"tackle":[101,118],"classification":[106,239,271],"problem.":[107],"This":[108,127,205],"paper":[109],"exploits":[110],"modeling":[113],"paradigm":[116],"problem":[120,141,223],"kernel-based":[122],"methodology":[129],"is":[130,145,218],"both":[133,244],"finite-":[134],"infinite-dimensional":[136,212],"feature":[137,213],"spaces.":[138,214],"active":[143,248,284],"learning":[144,151,249,285],"addressed":[146],"by":[147,180],"proposing":[148],"an":[149],"incremental/active":[150],"approach":[152,206,217],"three":[155],"different":[156],"approaches:":[157],"1)":[158],"maximum":[160],"differential":[161],"entropies;":[163],"2)":[164],"minimum":[166,174],"distance":[167],"decision":[169],"boundary;":[170],"3)":[172],"normalized":[175],"distance.":[176],"Parameters":[177],"are":[178,253],"estimated":[179],"using":[181],"evidence":[183],"approach,":[185],"trick,":[188],"marginal":[191],"observations":[195],"instead":[196],"posterior":[199,268],"adaptive":[203],"parameters.":[204],"allows":[207],"us":[208],"deal":[210],"proposed":[216],"tested":[219],"challenging":[222],"urban":[225],"monitoring":[226],"from":[227],"multispectral":[228],"synthetic":[230],"aperture":[231],"radar":[232],"multiclass":[236],"land":[237],"cover":[238],"hyperspectral":[241],"images,":[242],"purely":[245],"supervised":[246,261],"settings.":[250],"Similar":[251],"obtained":[254],"when":[255],"compared":[256],"SVMs":[258],"mode,":[262],"advantage":[265],"providing":[267],"estimates":[269],"automatic":[273],"parameter":[274],"learning.":[275],"Comparison":[276],"random":[278],"sampling":[279,290],"as":[280,282,288],"well":[281],"standard":[283],"such":[287],"margin":[289],"entropy-query-by-bagging":[292],"reveals":[293],"systematic":[295],"overall":[296],"accuracy":[297],"gain":[298],"faster":[300],"convergence":[301],"queries.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
