{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976543496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2251640","title":"Relativistic Effects in Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar","display_name":"Relativistic Effects in Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976543496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2251640","mag":"1976543496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2251640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2251640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038360917","display_name":"Gerhard Krieger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-0285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Krieger","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, Microwaves and Radar Institute, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Microwaves and Radar Institute, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047436745","display_name":"Francesco De Zan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco De Zan","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, Microwaves and Radar Institute, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Microwaves and Radar Institute, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038360917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98115651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"2","first_page":"1480","last_page":"1488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.8533167839050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.687916100025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5614418983459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-radar","display_name":"Passive radar","score":0.4953702688217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4748119115829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4735231399536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.42086851596832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.403653621673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.40257102251052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3896000385284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.35378724336624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1656082570552826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1426527500152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12050557136535645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.8533167839050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.687916100025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5614418983459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151120012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143008","display_name":"Passive radar","level":5,"score":0.4953702688217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.4748119115829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4735231399536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.42086851596832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.403653621673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.40257102251052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3896000385284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35378724336624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1656082570552826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1426527500152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12050557136535645}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2251640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2251640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:82374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2251640>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W314668026","https://openalex.org/W619354556","https://openalex.org/W1485251358","https://openalex.org/W1627610087","https://openalex.org/W1676451015","https://openalex.org/W1968204053","https://openalex.org/W1972662356","https://openalex.org/W1979821482","https://openalex.org/W1980435590","https://openalex.org/W1983689175","https://openalex.org/W2002543832","https://openalex.org/W2007953097","https://openalex.org/W2015012778","https://openalex.org/W2024171243","https://openalex.org/W2025969570","https://openalex.org/W2035962965","https://openalex.org/W2044127760","https://openalex.org/W2047941860","https://openalex.org/W2048251016","https://openalex.org/W2066678234","https://openalex.org/W2070716741","https://openalex.org/W2100486279","https://openalex.org/W2101149247","https://openalex.org/W2107914333","https://openalex.org/W2122238582","https://openalex.org/W2123031906","https://openalex.org/W2128825457","https://openalex.org/W2133665494","https://openalex.org/W2137570770","https://openalex.org/W2139184374","https://openalex.org/W2140990782","https://openalex.org/W2145303893","https://openalex.org/W2146733072","https://openalex.org/W2152234893","https://openalex.org/W2153674752","https://openalex.org/W2154063429","https://openalex.org/W2155259401","https://openalex.org/W2159486133","https://openalex.org/W2164268237","https://openalex.org/W2588075768","https://openalex.org/W2785744733","https://openalex.org/W3011383080","https://openalex.org/W4388323349","https://openalex.org/W6611084343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135924691","https://openalex.org/W2113162338","https://openalex.org/W2766192666","https://openalex.org/W2142179688","https://openalex.org/W4245917453","https://openalex.org/W2385030184","https://openalex.org/W4380451819","https://openalex.org/W2125716714","https://openalex.org/W2547621853","https://openalex.org/W2534774707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"relativistic":[3,130],"effects":[4,131],"in":[5,57,101,138,142,147],"bistatic":[6,27,31],"and":[7,14,30,39,53,86,108,140],"multistatic":[8],"synthetic":[9],"aperture":[10],"radar":[11,32],"(SAR)":[12],"systems":[13],"missions.":[15],"It":[16],"is":[17,34,79,132],"shown":[18],"that":[19,81,83,122],"the":[20,49,61,70,73,84,95,128,143,148],"use":[21],"of":[22,48,51,63,67,72,127],"different":[23],"reference":[24],"frames":[25],"for":[26,113,134],"SAR":[28],"processing":[29,150],"synchronization":[33],"prone":[35],"to":[36],"notable":[37],"phase":[38,87],"time":[40,85],"errors.":[41],"These":[42],"errors":[43,88,99],"are":[44,100],"a":[45,110],"direct":[46],"consequence":[47],"relativity":[50],"simultaneity":[52],"can":[54],"be":[55],"explained":[56],"good":[58],"approximation":[59],"within":[60],"framework":[62],"Einstein's":[64],"special":[65],"theory":[66],"relativity.":[68],"Using":[69],"invariance":[71],"space-time":[74],"interval,":[75],"an":[76],"analytic":[77],"expression":[78],"derived":[80],"shows":[82],"increase":[89],"with":[90,104],"increasing":[91],"along-track":[92],"distance":[93],"between":[94],"satellites.":[96],"The":[97],"predicted":[98],"excellent":[102],"agreement":[103],"measurements":[105],"from":[106],"TanDEM-X":[107,139],"provide":[109],"satisfactory":[111],"explanation":[112],"previously":[114],"observed":[115],"digital":[116],"elevation":[117],"map":[118],"(DEM)":[119],"height":[120],"offsets":[121],"exceeded":[123],"\u00b110":[124],"m.":[125],"Consideration":[126],"unexpected":[129],"essential":[133],"accurate":[135],"DEM":[136],"generation":[137],"has":[141],"meantime":[144],"been":[145],"implemented":[146],"operational":[149],"chain.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}