{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011205060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2250509","title":"Snow Microwave Emission Modeling of Ice Lenses Within a Snowpack Using the Microwave Emission Model for Layered Snowpacks","display_name":"Snow Microwave Emission Modeling of Ice Lenses Within a Snowpack Using the Microwave Emission Model for Layered Snowpacks","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011205060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2250509","mag":"2011205060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2250509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2250509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053211101","display_name":"Beno\u00eet Montpetit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-2971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benoit Montpetit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre dApplication et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","Centre d'Applic. et de Rech. en Teledetection, Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre dApplication et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre d'Applic. et de Rech. en Teledetection, Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013555844","display_name":"Alain Royer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6593-2007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Royer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre dApplication et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","Centre d'Applic. et de Rech. en Teledetection, Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre dApplication et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre d'Applic. et de Rech. en Teledetection, Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008923812","display_name":"Alexandre Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-3619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre dApplication et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","Centre d'Applic. et de Rech. en Teledetection, Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre dApplication et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre d'Applic. et de Rech. en Teledetection, Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004190775","display_name":"Alexandre Langlois","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6161-3589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Langlois","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre dApplication et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","Centre d'Applic. et de Rech. en Teledetection, Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre dApplication et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre d'Applic. et de Rech. en Teledetection, Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091490445","display_name":"Chris Derksen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-5479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Derksen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre dApplication et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","Climate Res. Div., Environ. Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre dApplication et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate Res. Div., Environ. Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7463,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94958192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"9","first_page":"4705","last_page":"4717"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"Snowpack","score":0.900287389755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8310567140579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.6755313277244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.6337118148803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.6024691462516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5169186592102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49244436621665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4836317300796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2844446003437042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.27403783798217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.27087655663490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10864919424057007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.900287389755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8310567140579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.6755313277244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.6337118148803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.6024691462516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5169186592102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49244436621665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4836317300796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2844446003437042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.27403783798217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.27087655663490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10864919424057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2250509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2250509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26381515","https://openalex.org/W94854711","https://openalex.org/W187501538","https://openalex.org/W1484353146","https://openalex.org/W1511533314","https://openalex.org/W1573815108","https://openalex.org/W1681308797","https://openalex.org/W1966251346","https://openalex.org/W1978836251","https://openalex.org/W1984752016","https://openalex.org/W1987288027","https://openalex.org/W1989943753","https://openalex.org/W1990572727","https://openalex.org/W1995733755","https://openalex.org/W1996376083","https://openalex.org/W2002158514","https://openalex.org/W2003430836","https://openalex.org/W2008911297","https://openalex.org/W2010746174","https://openalex.org/W2013802076","https://openalex.org/W2017830488","https://openalex.org/W2027582691","https://openalex.org/W2036842696","https://openalex.org/W2040741431","https://openalex.org/W2058736930","https://openalex.org/W2058955262","https://openalex.org/W2061897019","https://openalex.org/W2063238856","https://openalex.org/W2070947662","https://openalex.org/W2076999903","https://openalex.org/W2084187322","https://openalex.org/W2085165183","https://openalex.org/W2090977430","https://openalex.org/W2096907779","https://openalex.org/W2100262074","https://openalex.org/W2100637111","https://openalex.org/W2103676724","https://openalex.org/W2105035156","https://openalex.org/W2116391777","https://openalex.org/W2121903748","https://openalex.org/W2125327149","https://openalex.org/W2132468394","https://openalex.org/W2134591556","https://openalex.org/W2137733796","https://openalex.org/W2147995043","https://openalex.org/W2149097226","https://openalex.org/W2154221573","https://openalex.org/W2154423015","https://openalex.org/W2155986922","https://openalex.org/W2165869068","https://openalex.org/W2168280495","https://openalex.org/W2169737562","https://openalex.org/W2332244786","https://openalex.org/W4251071582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110091907","https://openalex.org/W253341182","https://openalex.org/W2187012855","https://openalex.org/W2334725915","https://openalex.org/W3170438605","https://openalex.org/W141901520","https://openalex.org/W2282506930","https://openalex.org/W2794575618","https://openalex.org/W2038298935","https://openalex.org/W2050853938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ice":[0],"lens":[1],"formation,":[2],"which":[3],"follows":[4],"rain":[5],"on":[6,85],"snow":[7,46,55],"events":[8],"or":[9],"melt-refreeze":[10],"cycles":[11],"in":[12,108,142],"winter":[13,28],"and":[14,41,44,62,80,105,111,135],"spring,":[15],"is":[16],"likely":[17],"to":[18,53,98,157,161],"become":[19],"more":[20],"frequent":[21],"as":[22],"a":[23,99],"result":[24],"of":[25,70,82,94,123,126,165],"increasing":[26],"mean":[27,129],"temperatures":[29,48,88],"at":[30,103],"high":[31],"latitudes.":[32],"These":[33],"ice":[34,83,118,166],"lenses":[35,84,119,167],"significantly":[36],"affect":[37],"the":[38,64,68,78,90,127,133,162,169],"microwave":[39,66,91],"scattering":[40],"emission":[42,92,101],"properties,":[43],"hence":[45],"brightness":[47,87,137],"that":[49],"are":[50,155],"widely":[51],"used":[52],"monitor":[54],"cover":[56],"properties":[57],"from":[58],"space.":[59],"To":[60],"understand":[61],"interpret":[63],"spaceborne":[65],"signal,":[67],"modeling":[69],"these":[71],"phenomena":[72],"needs":[73],"improvement.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"shows":[77],"effects":[79],"sensitivity":[81],"simulated":[86,134],"using":[89,140],"model":[93,102],"layered":[95],"snowpacks":[96],"coupled":[97],"soil":[100],"19":[104],"37":[106],"GHz":[107],"both":[109],"horizontal":[110],"vertical":[112,163],"polarizations.":[113],"Results":[114],"when":[115],"considering":[116],"pure":[117],"show":[120],"an":[121],"improvement":[122],"20.5":[124],"K":[125],"root":[128],"square":[130],"error":[131],"between":[132],"measured":[136],"temperature":[138],"(Tb)":[139],"several":[141],"situ":[143],"data":[144],"sets":[145],"acquired":[146],"during":[147],"field":[148],"campaigns":[149],"across":[150],"Canada.":[151],"The":[152],"modeled":[153],"Tbs":[154],"found":[156],"be":[158],"highly":[159],"sensitive":[160],"location":[164],"within":[168],"snowpack.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
