{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009784835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2245673","title":"Effects of Atmospheric Stability and Wind Fetch on Microwave Sea Echoes","display_name":"Effects of Atmospheric Stability and Wind Fetch on Microwave Sea Echoes","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009784835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2245673","mag":"2009784835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2245673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2245673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101723124","display_name":"Yunhua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-3753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean University of China, Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Qingdao, China","Ocean Remote Sensing Inst., Ocean Univ. of China, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean University of China, Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Remote Sensing Inst., Ocean Univ. of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100623323","display_name":"Yanmin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-9467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, The First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China","Dept. of Phys., Ocean Univ. of China, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, The First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Phys., Ocean Univ. of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100670005","display_name":"Haihua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-9752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haihua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean University of China, Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Qingdao, China","Ocean Remote Sensing Inst., Ocean Univ. of China, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean University of China, Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Remote Sensing Inst., Ocean Univ. of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009314993","display_name":"Lixin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3854-206X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, School of Science, Xi'an, China","[School of Science, Xidian University, Xi'an, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, School of Science, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Science, Xidian University, Xi'an, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101723124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07053205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"2","first_page":"929","last_page":"935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetch","display_name":"Fetch","score":0.9724502563476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.7423545718193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-instability","display_name":"Atmospheric instability","score":0.6206225156784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.528601884841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.5016486644744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-profile-power-law","display_name":"Wind profile power law","score":0.45254775881767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.43699344992637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3340285122394562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29176104068756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23015713691711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.07744720578193665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131918245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1409090","display_name":"Fetch","level":2,"score":0.9724502563476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.7423545718193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89298926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374640","display_name":"Atmospheric instability","level":3,"score":0.6206225156784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.528601884841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5016486644744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154718420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269096","display_name":"Wind profile power law","level":3,"score":0.45254775881767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.43699344992637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3340285122394562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29176104068756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23015713691711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.07744720578193665}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2245673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2245673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W228763813","https://openalex.org/W1661856146","https://openalex.org/W1678475755","https://openalex.org/W1679669278","https://openalex.org/W1966064302","https://openalex.org/W1973420040","https://openalex.org/W1973452628","https://openalex.org/W1976327223","https://openalex.org/W1978474245","https://openalex.org/W1996171359","https://openalex.org/W2003453962","https://openalex.org/W2008580322","https://openalex.org/W2010851006","https://openalex.org/W2019412630","https://openalex.org/W2035566985","https://openalex.org/W2036113889","https://openalex.org/W2037574201","https://openalex.org/W2041250609","https://openalex.org/W2048480963","https://openalex.org/W2054365772","https://openalex.org/W2057209373","https://openalex.org/W2063376949","https://openalex.org/W2080149626","https://openalex.org/W2080643992","https://openalex.org/W2093761294","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2105572471","https://openalex.org/W2110637037","https://openalex.org/W2119193769","https://openalex.org/W2133596865","https://openalex.org/W2136139703","https://openalex.org/W2146939626","https://openalex.org/W2149753081","https://openalex.org/W2158550412","https://openalex.org/W2158630109","https://openalex.org/W2164827310","https://openalex.org/W2166828747","https://openalex.org/W2316033403","https://openalex.org/W3037934031","https://openalex.org/W4248656856","https://openalex.org/W6699533485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044206080","https://openalex.org/W2072737672","https://openalex.org/W1946369382","https://openalex.org/W2357187911","https://openalex.org/W2055895299","https://openalex.org/W1991577942","https://openalex.org/W4387463671","https://openalex.org/W1986640550","https://openalex.org/W2009784835","https://openalex.org/W1621931413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,46],"influences":[1],"of":[2,36,138,150,161],"atmospheric":[3,51,98,116],"stability":[4,52],"and":[5,22,38,53,100,106,124],"wind":[6,19,54,94,112,131],"fetch":[7,55,113],"on":[8,59,64],"microwave":[9],"scattering":[10,66],"from":[11],"sea":[12,28],"surfaces":[13],"are":[14,30,127],"presented.":[15],"equivalent":[17],"neutral":[18],"speed":[20,95],"(ENWS)":[21],"the":[23,33,43,65,70,88,104,107,122,125,136,148,151],"friction":[24],"velocity":[25],"(FV)":[26],"above":[27],"surface":[29],"evaluated":[31],"by":[32],"similarity":[34],"theory":[35],"Monin":[37],"Obukhov":[39],"in":[40,96,119],"combination":[41],"with":[42,73,110,146,155],"Charnock":[44],"relation.":[45],"numerical":[47],"simulations":[48],"show":[49],"that":[50],"would":[56],"make":[57],"effects":[58],"ENWS":[60,89],"and,":[61],"therefore,":[62],"further":[63],"coefficients":[67],"(NRCS).":[68],"And":[69],"NRCS":[71,108,126,139],"decreases":[72],"increasing":[74,111],"air-sea":[75],"temperature":[76],"difference":[77],"(\u0394T=T":[78],"<sub":[79,83],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[80,84],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">a</sub>":[81],"-T":[82],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">s</sub>":[85],")":[86],"because":[87,160],"is":[90,142],"lower":[91],"than":[92],"actual":[93],"stable":[97,120],"condition,":[99],"vice":[101],"versa.":[102],"Moreover,":[103],"ENWS/FV":[105,123],"decrease":[109],"under":[114],"unstable":[115],"condition.":[117],"However,":[118],"atmospheres,":[121],"almost":[128],"insensitive":[129],"to":[130,140],"fetch.":[132],"In":[133],"this":[134],"paper,":[135],"response":[137],"\u0394T":[141,156],"also":[143],"discussed.":[144],"Compared":[145],"FV,":[147],"variations":[149],"angle":[152],"spread":[153],"function":[154],"can":[157],"be":[158],"neglected":[159],"its":[162],"minor":[163],"contribution.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}