{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046896320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2243739","title":"Probability Sampling Protocol for Thematic and Spatial Quality Assessment of Classification Maps Generated From Spaceborne/Airborne Very High Resolution Images","display_name":"Probability Sampling Protocol for Thematic and Spatial Quality Assessment of Classification Maps Generated From Spaceborne/Airborne Very High Resolution Images","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046896320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2243739","mag":"2046896320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2243739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2243739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085802054","display_name":"Andrea Baraldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-9944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Baraldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","[Dept. of Geogr. Sci., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Geogr. Sci., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030974111","display_name":"Luigi Boschetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-4413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Boschetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054117349","display_name":"M. L. Humber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9359-188X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael L. Humber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","[Dept. of Geogr. Sci., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Geogr. Sci., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085802054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8805418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"1","first_page":"701","last_page":"760"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.6893135905265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5833690762519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.5548770427703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5299423933029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5298753976821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4865495264530182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-design","display_name":"Sampling design","score":0.48582029342651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.48499009013175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-probability","display_name":"Conditional probability","score":0.4683705270290375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.43682169914245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4305976331233978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3504040241241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3425305187702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1473664939403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14419886469841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.11339062452316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.6893135905265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5833690762519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.5548770427703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5299423933029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5298753976821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4865495264530182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75373757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7410160","display_name":"Sampling design","level":3,"score":0.48582029342651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.48499009013175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44492722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327069","display_name":"Conditional probability","level":2,"score":0.4683705270290375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.43682169914245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4305976331233978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3504040241241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3425305187702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1473664939403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14419886469841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.11339062452316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2243739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2243739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17721503","https://openalex.org/W247104752","https://openalex.org/W626779648","https://openalex.org/W1482289351","https://openalex.org/W1498880722","https://openalex.org/W1516346799","https://openalex.org/W1553407966","https://openalex.org/W1557740239","https://openalex.org/W1558993918","https://openalex.org/W1578453342","https://openalex.org/W1582520929","https://openalex.org/W1648556314","https://openalex.org/W1760020758","https://openalex.org/W1829900417","https://openalex.org/W1839938186","https://openalex.org/W1903968154","https://openalex.org/W1964415410","https://openalex.org/W1966470704","https://openalex.org/W1967550647","https://openalex.org/W1971873862","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1976193075","https://openalex.org/W1978125380","https://openalex.org/W1979432452","https://openalex.org/W1985700403","https://openalex.org/W1988456410","https://openalex.org/W1989304191","https://openalex.org/W1991183254","https://openalex.org/W1992211320","https://openalex.org/W1995345006","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1998090842","https://openalex.org/W1998444098","https://openalex.org/W1999204157","https://openalex.org/W1999546558","https://openalex.org/W2000441672","https://openalex.org/W2001731209","https://openalex.org/W2004586880","https://openalex.org/W2008043556","https://openalex.org/W2009764877","https://openalex.org/W2010267600","https://openalex.org/W2019635781","https://openalex.org/W2028546171","https://openalex.org/W2031879798","https://openalex.org/W2045274535","https://openalex.org/W2047060267","https://openalex.org/W2052084880","https://openalex.org/W2052786710","https://openalex.org/W2054634327","https://openalex.org/W2072969923","https://openalex.org/W2075315182","https://openalex.org/W2076914324","https://openalex.org/W2081694572","https://openalex.org/W2082049271","https://openalex.org/W2095856624","https://openalex.org/W2098213605","https://openalex.org/W2103212315","https://openalex.org/W2104896032","https://openalex.org/W2105702160","https://openalex.org/W2107766831","https://openalex.org/W2108256607","https://openalex.org/W2109327961","https://openalex.org/W2109975565","https://openalex.org/W2110161540","https://openalex.org/W2114828048","https://openalex.org/W2116051282","https://openalex.org/W2117706739","https://openalex.org/W2124777595","https://openalex.org/W2125149983","https://openalex.org/W2125614842","https://openalex.org/W2126819632","https://openalex.org/W2128098741","https://openalex.org/W2129931535","https://openalex.org/W2134957010","https://openalex.org/W2136904244","https://openalex.org/W2137155271","https://openalex.org/W2139514605","https://openalex.org/W2140278197","https://openalex.org/W2145148573","https://openalex.org/W2149902236","https://openalex.org/W2151446246","https://openalex.org/W2151896708","https://openalex.org/W2155298989","https://openalex.org/W2159269332","https://openalex.org/W2163014050","https://openalex.org/W2163334907","https://openalex.org/W2165932235","https://openalex.org/W2166736950","https://openalex.org/W2168481151","https://openalex.org/W2171051173","https://openalex.org/W2171845746","https://openalex.org/W2172267470","https://openalex.org/W2178433308","https://openalex.org/W2231588685","https://openalex.org/W2243481691","https://openalex.org/W2303627328","https://openalex.org/W2312997001","https://openalex.org/W2318320465","https://openalex.org/W2321715271","https://openalex.org/W2333537812","https://openalex.org/W2482630804","https://openalex.org/W2511759972","https://openalex.org/W2579379865","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2981849677","https://openalex.org/W3015384695","https://openalex.org/W3139992509","https://openalex.org/W3205656812","https://openalex.org/W3214968550","https://openalex.org/W4205357216","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4249533638","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6634468203","https://openalex.org/W6650529533","https://openalex.org/W6685078114","https://openalex.org/W6702579276","https://openalex.org/W6769377118","https://openalex.org/W6771138180","https://openalex.org/W7065689329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2291311298","https://openalex.org/W2378021067","https://openalex.org/W2347703439","https://openalex.org/W2371027582","https://openalex.org/W4386799044","https://openalex.org/W2076654158","https://openalex.org/W2773208253","https://openalex.org/W2560646951","https://openalex.org/W4297454206","https://openalex.org/W65104662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"deliver":[1],"sample":[2,15],"estimates":[3],"provided":[4,359],"with":[5,215,224,315,383,424,456],"the":[6,14,19,46,70,76,100,103,107,115,120,127,137,143,225,259,281,292,303,321,325,328,343,406,415,433,457,461,470],"necessary":[7,33],"probability":[8,25,59,105,145,294],"foundation":[9],"to":[10,18,30,49,78,110,250],"permit":[11],"generalization":[12],"from":[13,157,320,351],"data":[16],"subset":[17],"whole":[20],"target":[21,47,72],"population":[22,48],"being":[23],"sampled,":[24],"sampling":[26,54,112,146,295],"strategies":[27],"are":[28,123,126,213,297,372],"required":[29],"satisfy":[31],"three":[32],"not":[34,68,195],"sufficient":[35],"conditions:":[36],"1)":[37,164],"All":[38],"inclusion":[39,58,83,104,121],"probabilities":[40,84,122],"be":[41,50,79],"greater":[42],"than":[43,280],"zero":[44],"in":[45,75,99,114,173,220,222,299,313,381,420,454],"sampled.":[51],"If":[52],"some":[53],"units":[55,91,97],"have":[56],"an":[57,165,254,275],"of":[60,139,153,183,218,247,256,258,268,272,283,289,291,305,307,336,393,414,460,466],"zero,":[61],"then":[62],"a":[63,134,180,186,189,216,236,245,403],"map":[64,77],"accuracy":[65,116,334,412],"assessment":[66,150],"does":[67],"represent":[69],"entire":[71],"region":[73],"depicted":[74],"assessed.":[80],"2)":[81,198],"The":[82,266,286],"must":[85],"be:":[86],"a)":[87],"knowable":[88],"for":[89,95,148,230,241,333,362,397,427,445],"nonsampled":[90],"and":[92,151,188,197,206,253,310,355,370,380,389,409,451,469],"b)":[93],"known":[94,262],"those":[96],"selected":[98,319],"sample:":[101],"since":[102],"determines":[106],"weight":[108],"attached":[109],"each":[111],"unit":[113],"estimation":[117,128],"formulas,":[118],"if":[119],"unknown,":[124],"so":[125],"weights.":[129],"This":[130],"original":[131,166,276],"work":[132],"presents":[133],"novel":[135],"(to":[136],"best":[138,242],"these":[140,269,366],"authors'":[141],"knowledge,":[142,252,312],"first)":[144],"protocol":[147,239,277,296,330],"quality":[149,203,210,391],"comparison":[152,314],"thematic":[154,202],"maps":[155,339,418],"generated":[156,341],"spaceborne/airborne":[158],"very":[159],"high":[160],"resolution":[161],"images,":[162],"where:":[163],"Categorical":[167],"Variable":[168],"Pair":[169],"Similarity":[170],"Index":[171],"(proposed":[172],"two":[174,270,352],"different":[175],"formulations)":[176],"is":[177,331],"estimated":[178,214],"as":[179,263],"fuzzy":[181],"degree":[182,217],"match":[184],"between":[185],"reference":[187],"test":[190],"semantic":[191],"vocabulary,":[192],"which":[193],"may":[194],"coincide,":[196],"both":[199,308],"symbolic":[200],"pixel-based":[201],"indicators":[204,211],"(TQIs)":[205],"sub-symbolic":[207],"object-based":[208],"spatial":[209],"(SQIs)":[212],"uncertainty":[219],"measurement":[221],"compliance":[223],"well-known":[226],"Quality":[227],"Assurance":[228],"Framework":[229],"Earth":[231,463],"Observation":[232,464],"(QA4EO)":[233],"guidelines.":[234,473],"Like":[235],"decision-tree,":[237],"any":[238],"(guidelines":[240],"practice)":[243],"comprises":[244],"set":[246],"rules,":[248],"equivalent":[249],"structural":[251,309],"order":[255],"presentation":[257],"rule":[260],"set,":[261],"procedural":[264,311],"knowledge.":[265],"combination":[267],"levels":[271,304],"knowledge":[273],"makes":[274],"worth":[278],"more":[279],"sum":[282],"its":[284],"parts.":[285],"several":[287],"degrees":[288],"novelty":[290],"proposed":[293,329,419],"highlighted":[298],"this":[300,421],"paper,":[301],"at":[302],"understanding":[306],"related":[316,400,430],"multi-disciplinary":[317],"works":[318],"existing":[322],"literature.":[323],"In":[324,365],"experimental":[326],"session,":[327],"tested":[332],"validation":[335,413],"preliminary":[337],"classification":[338],"automatically":[340],"by":[342,360,399,429],"Satellite":[344],"Image":[345],"Automatic":[346],"Mapper":[347],"(SIAM\u2122)":[348],"software":[349,442],"product":[350,443],"WorldView-2":[353],"images":[354],"one":[356],"QuickBird-2":[357],"image":[358],"DigitalGlobe":[361],"testing":[363],"purposes.":[364],"experiments,":[367],"collected":[368],"TQIs":[369],"SQIs":[371],"statistically":[373,375,407,410],"valid,":[374],"significant,":[376],"consistent":[377,408],"across":[378],"maps,":[379],"agreement":[382],"theoretical":[384],"expectations,":[385],"visual":[386],"(qualitative)":[387],"evidence":[388],"quantitative":[390],"indexes":[392],"operativeness":[394],"(OQIs)":[395],"claimed":[396,426],"SIAM\u2122":[398,416,428,441],"papers.":[401],"As":[402],"subsidiary":[404],"conclusion,":[405],"significant":[411],"pre-classification":[417],"contribution,":[422],"together":[423],"OQIs":[425],"works,":[431],"make":[432],"operational":[434],"(automatic,":[435],"accurate,":[436],"near":[437],"real-time,":[438],"robust,":[439],"scalable)":[440],"eligible":[444],"opening":[446],"up":[447],"new":[448],"inter-disciplinary":[449],"research":[450],"market":[452],"opportunities":[453],"accordance":[455],"visionary":[458],"goal":[459],"Global":[462],"System":[465],"Systems":[467],"initiative":[468],"QA4EO":[471],"international":[472]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}