{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040151245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2236337","title":"Azimuth Ambiguities Removal for Ship Detection Using Full Polarimetric X-Band SAR Data","display_name":"Azimuth Ambiguities Removal for Ship Detection Using Full Polarimetric X-Band SAR Data","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040151245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2236337","mag":"2040151245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2236337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2236337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006507810","display_name":"Domenico Velotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8592-0652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Velotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057280164","display_name":"Matteo Soccorsi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801562428","display_name":"Alenia Aermacchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh5r64","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102386","display_name":"Thales (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rwwx648","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103616","display_name":"Space (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c79fd45","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Soccorsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038494187","display_name":"Susanne Lehner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-9686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanne Lehner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":153.9377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99907679,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"1","first_page":"76","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7480101585388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7264853119850159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7093609571456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6738423705101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.5631567239761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.553972601890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4492821991443634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4488357901573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.43254554271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3644106388092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2574743628501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1635967493057251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7480101585388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7264853119850159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7093609571456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6738423705101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.5631567239761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.553972601890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4492821991443634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4488357901573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.43254554271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3644106388092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2574743628501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1635967493057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2236337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2236337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:82158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/82158/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105025432","https://openalex.org/W142575998","https://openalex.org/W1945128196","https://openalex.org/W1981202699","https://openalex.org/W1996176293","https://openalex.org/W2009061394","https://openalex.org/W2018499866","https://openalex.org/W2061438449","https://openalex.org/W2116183156","https://openalex.org/W2120066054","https://openalex.org/W2126184250","https://openalex.org/W2127611757","https://openalex.org/W2130661716","https://openalex.org/W2131523739","https://openalex.org/W2134269321","https://openalex.org/W2138570549","https://openalex.org/W2148049762","https://openalex.org/W2157455112","https://openalex.org/W2157664157","https://openalex.org/W2163532285","https://openalex.org/W2166447305","https://openalex.org/W4242231307","https://openalex.org/W4302769200","https://openalex.org/W6604215858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388326001","https://openalex.org/W3011102797","https://openalex.org/W4320921117","https://openalex.org/W2351401443","https://openalex.org/W2115015615","https://openalex.org/W1968850503","https://openalex.org/W1649651896","https://openalex.org/W2116961228","https://openalex.org/W1952514008","https://openalex.org/W4387803549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"aperture":[1],"radar":[2],"(SAR)":[3],"ship":[4],"detection":[5,111,145],"is":[6,93,100,155,193],"an":[7],"important":[8],"application":[9],"in":[10,33,37,46,49,96,187,213],"the":[11,20,23,63,74,90,102,128,144,176,181,196,207,224,237],"field":[12],"of":[13,22,27,40,55,130,165,199,210],"maritime":[14],"security.":[15],"Azimuth":[16],"ambiguities":[17,57,142,212],"caused":[18],"by":[19,109,175],"aliasing":[21],"Doppler":[24],"phase":[25],"history":[26],"each":[28],"point":[29],"are":[30,58,107,228],"often":[31],"visible":[32],"SAR":[34,86,169],"images":[35],"particularly":[36],"ocean":[38,104],"areas":[39],"low":[41],"wind":[42],"speed":[43],"condition,":[44],"e.g.,":[45,65,76],"coastal":[47],"areas,":[48],"harbors,":[50],"etc.":[51],"The":[52,153],"main":[53],"sources":[54],"azimuth":[56,141,211],"man-made":[59],"metallic":[60],"structures":[61],"over":[62,71,160],"ocean,":[64],"ships,":[66],"oil":[67],"platforms":[68],"etc.,":[69,81],"and":[70,106,143,158,189,204,221,235],"land":[72],"near":[73],"coast,":[75],"big":[77],"tanks,":[78],"bridges'":[79],"pylons":[80],"that":[82],"have":[83,172],"a":[84,148,161],"high":[85],"backscatter":[87,92],"responses.":[88],"Although":[89],"ambiguities'":[91],"generally":[94],"low,":[95],"many":[97],"situations,":[98],"it":[99],"above":[101],"surrounding":[103],"clutter":[105],"mistaken":[108],"classic":[110],"techniques,":[112],"like":[113],"constant":[114],"false":[115,122,135],"alarm":[116],"rate,":[117],"as":[118,230],"real":[119,131],"targets":[120,132],"causing":[121],"positives.":[123],"This":[124],"paper":[125],"addresses":[126],"both":[127],"discrimination":[129],"from":[133],"non-trivial":[134],"positives,":[136],"namely":[137],"those":[138],"due":[139],"to":[140,233],"itself":[146],"using":[147],"Generalized-":[149],"K":[150],"distribution":[151],"approach.":[152],"methodology":[154],"firstly":[156],"proposed":[157,238],"demonstrated":[159],"significant":[162],"data":[163,225],"set":[164,226],"full":[166],"polarimetric":[167],"X-band":[168],"data,":[170],"which":[171],"been":[173],"acquired":[174],"German":[177],"satellite":[178],"TerraSAR-X":[179],"during":[180],"experimental":[182],"dual":[183],"receive":[184],"antenna":[185],"campaign":[186],"April":[188],"May":[190],"2010.":[191],"It":[192],"based":[194],"on":[195,206],"intrinsic":[197],"configuration":[198],"monostatic":[200],"two-channel":[201],"PolSAR":[202],"systems":[203],"relies":[205],"different":[208],"signature":[209],"cross-polarized":[214],"channels.":[215],"Automatic":[216],"Identification":[217],"System":[218],"messages":[219],"collected":[220],"collocated":[222],"with":[223],"analyzed":[227],"used":[229],"ground":[231],"truth":[232],"evaluate":[234],"validate":[236],"methodology.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
