{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076986089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2229466","title":"Feasibility of Characterizing Snowpack and the Freeze\u2013Thaw State of Underlying Soil Using Multifrequency Active/Passive Microwave Data","display_name":"Feasibility of Characterizing Snowpack and the Freeze\u2013Thaw State of Underlying Soil Using Multifrequency Active/Passive Microwave Data","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076986089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2229466","mag":"2076986089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2229466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2229466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033592648","display_name":"Sayed M. Bateni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7134-0067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Mohyeddin Bateni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Dept. of Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026494699","display_name":"Chunlin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1366-5170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China","Cold & Arid Regions Environ. & Eng. Res. Inst., Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cold & Arid Regions Environ. & Eng. Res. Inst., Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064340746","display_name":"S. A. Margulis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-2511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven A. Margulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Dept. of Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016213145","display_name":"E. Podest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-5369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erika Podest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103881375","display_name":"Kyle McDonald","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of New York, New York, NY, US","Dept. of Earth & Atmos. Sci., City Univ. of New York, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of New York, New York, NY, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Earth & Atmos. Sci., City Univ. of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.81,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92822151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"7","first_page":"4085","last_page":"4102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.787674069404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.7865867614746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7097845077514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6786184310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.661819577217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"Snowpack","score":0.606228232383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.539065420627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.470130056142807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-band","display_name":"L band","score":0.44609880447387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.37085288763046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3432774543762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2188563346862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.11311689019203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10426005721092224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.787674069404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.7865867614746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7097845077514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6786184310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.661819577217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.606228232383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.539065420627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.470130056142807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133969743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2362353","display_name":"L band","level":2,"score":0.44609880447387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.37085288763046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3432774543762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2188563346862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11311689019203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10426005721092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2229466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2229466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107162144","https://openalex.org/W154027807","https://openalex.org/W197033098","https://openalex.org/W408309515","https://openalex.org/W1244545783","https://openalex.org/W1518660940","https://openalex.org/W1573815108","https://openalex.org/W1573842823","https://openalex.org/W1574335236","https://openalex.org/W1970641180","https://openalex.org/W1975386659","https://openalex.org/W1978524841","https://openalex.org/W1987288027","https://openalex.org/W1990849343","https://openalex.org/W1990994937","https://openalex.org/W1995584319","https://openalex.org/W1996844457","https://openalex.org/W2005908526","https://openalex.org/W2008254587","https://openalex.org/W2009927232","https://openalex.org/W2021964057","https://openalex.org/W2023976827","https://openalex.org/W2025363077","https://openalex.org/W2025719935","https://openalex.org/W2033990175","https://openalex.org/W2036842696","https://openalex.org/W2042006695","https://openalex.org/W2043207707","https://openalex.org/W2043735836","https://openalex.org/W2044927495","https://openalex.org/W2055588961","https://openalex.org/W2060476649","https://openalex.org/W2061515890","https://openalex.org/W2063787203","https://openalex.org/W2067519026","https://openalex.org/W2070904642","https://openalex.org/W2072806535","https://openalex.org/W2074001725","https://openalex.org/W2075369191","https://openalex.org/W2080367660","https://openalex.org/W2080908843","https://openalex.org/W2084187322","https://openalex.org/W2086823606","https://openalex.org/W2087341643","https://openalex.org/W2090977430","https://openalex.org/W2097212954","https://openalex.org/W2098931551","https://openalex.org/W2102196811","https://openalex.org/W2103746463","https://openalex.org/W2104149972","https://openalex.org/W2106920307","https://openalex.org/W2111377196","https://openalex.org/W2111951939","https://openalex.org/W2113227771","https://openalex.org/W2117913235","https://openalex.org/W2118235452","https://openalex.org/W2121903748","https://openalex.org/W2134686133","https://openalex.org/W2135015721","https://openalex.org/W2140371760","https://openalex.org/W2144260774","https://openalex.org/W2146846308","https://openalex.org/W2146972543","https://openalex.org/W2148401988","https://openalex.org/W2153901968","https://openalex.org/W2154675655","https://openalex.org/W2155698542","https://openalex.org/W2155986922","https://openalex.org/W2157098139","https://openalex.org/W2158687251","https://openalex.org/W2164448908","https://openalex.org/W2164558649","https://openalex.org/W2166252673","https://openalex.org/W2166371879","https://openalex.org/W2168872189","https://openalex.org/W2178254418","https://openalex.org/W2179860363","https://openalex.org/W2187330525","https://openalex.org/W2313684377","https://openalex.org/W4243350966","https://openalex.org/W4248816927","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300226160","https://openalex.org/W6614108532","https://openalex.org/W6676196961","https://openalex.org/W6686985828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069474014","https://openalex.org/W2101412430","https://openalex.org/W4249891865","https://openalex.org/W3207046961","https://openalex.org/W2131373907","https://openalex.org/W131104429","https://openalex.org/W4317727046","https://openalex.org/W3046765276","https://openalex.org/W2146809780","https://openalex.org/W4385660293"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ensemble-based":[1],"data":[2,206,218,231],"assimilation":[3,200],"approach":[4,214],"is":[5],"developed":[6,265],"to":[7,79,158,209],"characterize":[8],"the":[9,20,71,81,100,115,120,137,150,166,172,198,233,239,252,264,270,282,292],"snow":[10,138],"water":[11,30,108],"equivalent":[12],"(SWE)":[13],"and":[14,24,28,35,53,56,65,76,83,109,123,143,153,161,168,203,228,244,256,274,287,301],"underlying":[15,173],"soil":[16,21,26,84,103,106,181,271],"freeze\u2013thaw":[17,85,169,182,272],"state":[18,86,170,183,273],"(including":[19],"surface":[22,104],"temperature":[23],"both":[25,136,226],"ice":[27,110],"liquid":[29,107],"content)":[31],"using":[32,44,87],"multifrequency":[33],"passive":[34,49,152,202,227,243],"active":[36,57,154,204,229,245],"microwave":[37,50,58,205,217,230],"remote-sensing":[38],"measurements.":[39],"Its":[40],"feasibility":[41],"was":[42,112,222,261],"examined":[43],"a":[45,212],"synthetic":[46],"test":[47],"where":[48],"(1.4,":[51],"18.7,":[52],"36.5":[54],"GHz)":[55],"[L-band":[59],"(1.4":[60],"GHz),":[61,64],"C-band":[62],"(5.4":[63],"Ku-band":[66],"(12":[67],"GHz)]":[68],"measurements":[69,155,176,246],"at":[70,114,191],"point":[72],"scale":[73],"were":[74,156,177,188,207,247],"individually":[75],"simultaneously":[77],"assimilated":[78],"estimate":[80,269],"SWE":[82,167,192],"an":[88],"Ensemble":[89],"Batch":[90],"Smoother":[91],"framework.":[92],"The":[93],"contribution":[94],"of":[95,119,149,171,201,254,285],"each":[96],"channel":[97],"in":[98,132],"retrieving":[99],"true":[101],"SWE,":[102,275],"temperature,":[105],"content":[111],"investigated":[113],"local-scale":[116],"observation":[117],"site":[118],"National":[121],"Aeronautics":[122],"Space":[124],"Administration":[125],"Cold":[126,302],"Land":[127],"Processes":[128],"Experiments":[129],"Field":[130],"Campaign":[131],"northern":[133],"Colorado":[134],"during":[135],"accumulation":[139],"(Fall":[140],"2002\u2013Winter":[141],"2003)":[142,146],"melt":[144],"(Spring":[145],"periods.":[147],"All":[148],"utilized":[151],"found":[157,223],"contain":[159],"valuable":[160],"complementary":[162],"information":[163],"for":[164,180],"characterizing":[165],"soil.":[174],"L-band":[175],"most":[178],"effective":[179,190],"estimation,":[184],"whereas":[185],"higher":[186],"frequencies":[187],"more":[189],"characterization.":[193],"In":[194],"addition,":[195],"results":[196],"from":[197,211,251,281],"simultaneous":[199],"compared":[208],"those":[210],"modeling":[213],"without":[215],"assimilating":[216,225],"(open":[219],"loop).":[220],"It":[221,260],"that":[224,235,263],"decreased":[232],"errors":[234],"are":[236],"associated":[237],"with":[238,277],"open-loop":[240],"approach.":[241],"Finally,":[242],"undersampled":[248],"as":[249,291],"expected":[250],"overpasses":[253],"current":[255],"future":[257,288],"satellite":[258],"platforms.":[259],"observed":[262],"method":[266],"can":[267],"reliably":[268],"even":[276],"measurement":[278],"sequences":[279],"anticipated":[280],"temporal":[283],"frequency":[284],"existing":[286],"satellites":[289],"such":[290],"Special":[293],"Sensor":[294],"Microwave/Imager,":[295],"Soil":[296],"Moisture":[297],"Active":[298],"Passive":[299],"Mission,":[300],"Regions":[303],"Hydrology":[304],"High-Resolution":[305],"Observatory.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
