{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021494835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2228653","title":"The CACAO Method for Smoothing, Gap Filling, and Characterizing Seasonal Anomalies in Satellite Time Series","display_name":"The CACAO Method for Smoothing, Gap Filling, and Characterizing Seasonal Anomalies in Satellite Time Series","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021494835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2228653","mag":"2021494835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2228653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2228653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140011117/downloads/20140011117.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009347184","display_name":"Aleixandre Verger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-1745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198415970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse","ror":"https://ror.org/00mfpxb84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}],"countries":["ES","FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aleixandre Verger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de F\u00edsica de la Terra i Termodin\u00e0mica, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","EMMAH-UMR 1114-INRA, UAPV, Avignon, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de F\u00edsica de la Terra i Termodin\u00e0mica, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMMAH-UMR 1114-INRA, UAPV, Avignon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045314681","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Baret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-8997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198415970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse","ror":"https://ror.org/00mfpxb84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Baret","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMMAH-UMR 1114-INRA, UAPV, Avignon, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMMAH-UMR 1114-INRA, UAPV, Avignon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105763692","display_name":"Marie Weiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-667X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198415970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse","ror":"https://ror.org/00mfpxb84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMMAH-UMR 1114-INRA, UAPV, Avignon, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMMAH-UMR 1114-INRA, UAPV, Avignon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008716335","display_name":"Sivasathivel Kandasamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-4535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198415970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse","ror":"https://ror.org/00mfpxb84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sivasathivel Kandasamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMMAH-UMR 1114-INRA, UAPV, Avignon, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMMAH-UMR 1114-INRA, UAPV, Avignon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079013637","display_name":"\u00c9ric Vermote","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-2765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Vermote","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009347184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986","https://openalex.org/I198415970"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7207,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97383503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"4","first_page":"1963","last_page":"1972"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.7250378131866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"Missing data","score":0.644532322883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.6361268758773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5761025547981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5468371510505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5447578430175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4822717308998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4800794720649719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenology","display_name":"Phenology","score":0.41608768701553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.39453351497650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3696381449699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29017502069473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2736557126045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2626408338546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15438994765281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09174510836601257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.7250378131866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.644532322883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6361268758773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5761025547981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5468371510505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5447578430175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4822717308998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4800794720649719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.41608768701553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.39453351497650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3696381449699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29017502069473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2736557126045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2626408338546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15438994765281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09174510836601257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2228653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2228653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20140011117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140011117","pdf_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140011117/downloads/20140011117.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"GSFC-E-DAA-TN11355"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01321166v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01321166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2013, 51 (4), pp.1963 - 1972. ⟨10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228653⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20140011117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140011117","pdf_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140011117/downloads/20140011117.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"GSFC-E-DAA-TN11355"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2021494835.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2021494835.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61452412","https://openalex.org/W1805123227","https://openalex.org/W1968235624","https://openalex.org/W1996463620","https://openalex.org/W1996905547","https://openalex.org/W1998438756","https://openalex.org/W2007468519","https://openalex.org/W2013061102","https://openalex.org/W2017294598","https://openalex.org/W2018636632","https://openalex.org/W2037574716","https://openalex.org/W2046171182","https://openalex.org/W2072093516","https://openalex.org/W2074222846","https://openalex.org/W2076848864","https://openalex.org/W2094420085","https://openalex.org/W2097542451","https://openalex.org/W2105172715","https://openalex.org/W2111957393","https://openalex.org/W2113503197","https://openalex.org/W2115952782","https://openalex.org/W2117996123","https://openalex.org/W2121025745","https://openalex.org/W2123579413","https://openalex.org/W2126250722","https://openalex.org/W2131448468","https://openalex.org/W2132736696","https://openalex.org/W2133497656","https://openalex.org/W2137016389","https://openalex.org/W2137341666","https://openalex.org/W2138751033","https://openalex.org/W2139561186","https://openalex.org/W2146501057","https://openalex.org/W2151978020","https://openalex.org/W2153243519","https://openalex.org/W2154107014","https://openalex.org/W2161336494","https://openalex.org/W2164876780","https://openalex.org/W2174597041","https://openalex.org/W2624803523","https://openalex.org/W2997335114","https://openalex.org/W4313730640","https://openalex.org/W4403992665","https://openalex.org/W6638455324","https://openalex.org/W6771677220","https://openalex.org/W6849550102","https://openalex.org/W6873056304"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373524250","https://openalex.org/W4206027277","https://openalex.org/W2388003193","https://openalex.org/W2367450255","https://openalex.org/W2243549226","https://openalex.org/W2184048517","https://openalex.org/W4380150146","https://openalex.org/W3024870410","https://openalex.org/W2410652950","https://openalex.org/W3128824461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Consistent,":[0],"continuous,":[1],"and":[2,40,48,60,77,107,148,173,187,229,234],"long":[3],"time":[4,44,99,165,180,216],"series":[5,45,100,166,181,217],"of":[6,29,74,104,134,171,196,206],"global":[7,17],"biophysical":[8],"variables":[9],"derived":[10,118],"from":[11,119],"satellite":[12,115],"data":[13,106,199,231],"are":[14],"required":[15],"for":[16,65,124,162,237],"change":[18],"research.":[19],"A":[20],"novel":[21],"climatology":[22],"fitting":[23],"approach":[24],"called":[25],"CACAO":[26,62,88,158,222],"(Consistent":[27],"Adjustment":[28],"the":[30,50,55,72,85,125,129,149,184,194,220],"Climatology":[31],"to":[32,37,54,84,193,227],"Actual":[33],"Observations)":[34],"is":[35,224],"proposed":[36,221],"reduce":[38],"noise":[39,172,228],"fill":[41],"gaps":[42,190],"in":[43,71,80,155],"by":[46,168],"scaling":[47],"shifting":[49],"seasonal":[51,75],"climatological":[52],"patterns":[53],"actual":[56,114,214],"observations.":[57,176],"The":[58,177],"shift":[59],"scale":[61],"parameters":[63],"adjusted":[64],"each":[66],"season":[67],"allow":[68],"quantifying":[69],"shifts":[70],"timing":[73],"phenology":[76,238],"inter-annual":[78],"variations":[79],"magnitude":[81],"as":[82,153,191,209,211],"compared":[83,192],"average":[86],"climatology.":[87],"was":[89],"assessed":[90],"first":[91],"over":[92,113,128],"simulated":[93],"daily":[94],"Leaf":[95],"Area":[96],"Index":[97],"(LAI)":[98],"with":[101,137,213],"varying":[102],"fractions":[103],"missing":[105,175,198,230],"noise.":[108],"Then,":[109],"performances":[110,161],"were":[111],"analyzed":[112],"LAI":[116],"products":[117],"AVHRR":[120,164,215],"Long-Term":[121],"Data":[122],"Record":[123],"1981-2000":[126],"period":[127],"BELMANIP2":[130],"globally":[131],"representative":[132],"sample":[133],"sites.":[135],"Comparison":[136],"two":[138],"widely":[139],"used":[140],"temporal":[141],"filtering":[142],"methods-the":[143],"asymmetric":[144],"Gaussian":[145],"(AG)":[146],"model":[147],"Savitzky-Golay":[150],"(SG)":[151],"filter":[152],"implemented":[154],"TIMESAT-revealed":[156],"that":[157,219],"achieved":[159],"better":[160],"smoothing":[163],"characterized":[167],"high":[169],"level":[170],"frequent":[174],"resulting":[178],"smoothed":[179],"captures":[182],"well":[183,210],"vegetation":[185],"dynamics":[186],"shows":[188],"no":[189],"50-60%":[195],"still":[197],"after":[200],"AG":[201,233],"or":[202],"SG":[203,235],"reconstructions.":[204],"Results":[205],"simulation":[207],"experiments":[208],"confrontation":[212],"indicate":[218],"method":[223],"more":[225],"robust":[226],"than":[232],"methods":[236],"extraction.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}