{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2172011852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2199995","title":"Estimation of the Radio Refractivity Gradient From Diffraction Loss Measurements","display_name":"Estimation of the Radio Refractivity Gradient From Diffraction Loss Measurements","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2172011852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2199995","mag":"2172011852"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2199995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2199995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051690890","display_name":"Otakar Jicha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Otakar Jicha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082598945","display_name":"Pavel Pecha\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1363-1595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavel Pechac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022145336","display_name":"V\u00e1clav Kvi\u010dera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124866","display_name":"\u010cesk\u00fd metrologick\u00fd institut","ror":"https://ror.org/02m5haa59","country_code":"CZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124866"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaclav Kvicera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Frequency Engineering, Czech Metrology Institute, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Frequency Engineering, Czech Metrology Institute, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000201245","display_name":"Martin Gr\u00e1bner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1399-094X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124866","display_name":"\u010cesk\u00fd metrologick\u00fd institut","ror":"https://ror.org/02m5haa59","country_code":"CZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124866"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Grabner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Frequency Engineering, Czech Metrology Institute, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Frequency Engineering, Czech Metrology Institute, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":37.3805,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99324954,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"1","first_page":"12","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9553999900817871,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9552000164985657,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction","display_name":"Diffraction","score":0.7118908166885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-wave","display_name":"Radio wave","score":0.5833851099014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Line-of-sight propagation","score":0.5672255158424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5134447813034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight","display_name":"Line-of-sight","score":0.5100603699684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.48503273725509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fresnel-diffraction","display_name":"Fresnel diffraction","score":0.44669151306152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.44017642736434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fresnel-zone","display_name":"Fresnel zone","score":0.4336383044719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-radiation","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","score":0.4313979744911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.41095274686813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-propagation","display_name":"Wave propagation","score":0.39715248346328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.37833213806152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33097130060195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2821339964866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.22580882906913757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-wave-propagation","display_name":"Ground wave propagation","score":0.2068796455860138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.136895090341568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.7118908166885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96513508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4262","display_name":"Radio wave","level":2,"score":0.5833851099014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186231131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605931","display_name":"Line-of-sight propagation","level":4,"score":0.5672255158424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5134447813034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780928442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553027","display_name":"Line-of-sight","level":2,"score":0.5100603699684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.48503273725509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50282329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286895","display_name":"Fresnel diffraction","level":3,"score":0.44669151306152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.44017642736434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200292535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455719","display_name":"Fresnel zone","level":3,"score":0.4336383044719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.4313979744911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.41095274686813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44886760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758425","display_name":"Wave propagation","level":2,"score":0.39715248346328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37833213806152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33097130060195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2821339964866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.22580882906913757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177071327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5610921","display_name":"Ground wave propagation","level":3,"score":0.2068796455860138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.136895090341568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2199995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2199995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W293304527","https://openalex.org/W2030410449","https://openalex.org/W2030475746","https://openalex.org/W2039898771","https://openalex.org/W2055700723","https://openalex.org/W2100977691","https://openalex.org/W2101638741","https://openalex.org/W2116110054","https://openalex.org/W2123623792","https://openalex.org/W2127037910","https://openalex.org/W2152265671","https://openalex.org/W2175634897","https://openalex.org/W2182416937","https://openalex.org/W2228091063","https://openalex.org/W2475936110","https://openalex.org/W2502759836","https://openalex.org/W4247143882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1714338124","https://openalex.org/W2553219487","https://openalex.org/W2901410808","https://openalex.org/W2182405524","https://openalex.org/W1481600699","https://openalex.org/W4316810818","https://openalex.org/W2383765745","https://openalex.org/W39966436","https://openalex.org/W3213442969","https://openalex.org/W1495647324"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68],"aim":[1],"of":[2,11,17,27,50,58,66],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"is":[5,61,71,77],"to":[6,63,75],"show":[7],"that":[8],"the":[9,12,20,36,51,56,64],"gradient":[10],"vertical":[13],"radio":[14,42],"refractivity":[15],"profile":[16],"air":[18],"near":[19],"ground":[21],"can":[22,32],"be":[23,33],"estimated":[24],"from":[25],"measurements":[26,86],"electromagnetic":[28,59],"wave":[29,60],"strength.":[30],"Diffraction":[31],"used":[34],"as":[35],"basic":[37],"physical":[38],"principle":[39],"for":[40],"non-line-of-sight":[41],"links,":[43],"where":[44],"an":[45],"obstacle":[46],"covers":[47],"some":[48],"parts":[49],"Fresnel":[52],"zones,":[53],"and":[54,73,82],"therefore,":[55],"strength":[57],"proportional":[62],"ratio":[65],"coverage.":[67],"method,":[69],"which":[70],"simple":[72],"easy":[74],"implement,":[76],"verified":[78],"by":[79],"measured":[80],"data,":[81],"comparisons":[83],"with":[84],"meteorological":[85],"are":[87],"presented.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
