{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058925055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2188532","title":"Validation of SMOS Data Over Agricultural and Boreal Forest Areas in Canada","display_name":"Validation of SMOS Data Over Agricultural and Boreal Forest Areas in Canada","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058925055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2188532","mag":"2058925055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2188532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2188532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086459865","display_name":"Imen Gherboudj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-9112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imen Gherboudj","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9omatique Appliqu\u00e9e, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","Dept. de Geomatique Appl., Univ. of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9omatique Appliqu\u00e9e, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Geomatique Appl., Univ. of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000022398","display_name":"Ramata Magagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-6060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramata Magagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9omatique Appliqu\u00e9, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","Dept. de Geomatique Applique, Univ. of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9omatique Appliqu\u00e9, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Geomatique Applique, Univ. of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019768041","display_name":"Kalifa Go\u0131\u0308ta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6992-5093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalifa Goita","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9omatique Appliqu\u00e9, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","Dept. de Geomatique Applique, Univ. of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9omatique Appliqu\u00e9, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Geomatique Applique, Univ. of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061554533","display_name":"Aaron Berg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8438-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron A. Berg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068084637","display_name":"Brenda Toth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brenda Toth","raw_affiliation_strings":["MSC Hydrometeorology and Arctic Laboratory, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SAS, Canada","MSC Hydrometeorology & Arctic Lab., Environ. Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MSC Hydrometeorology and Arctic Laboratory, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SAS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MSC Hydrometeorology & Arctic Lab., Environ. Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103475605","display_name":"Anne Walker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["MSC Hydrometeorology and Arctic Laboratory, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SAS, Canada","MSC Hydrometeorology & Arctic Lab., Environ. Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MSC Hydrometeorology and Arctic Laboratory, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SAS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MSC Hydrometeorology & Arctic Lab., Environ. Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96703881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"5","first_page":"1623","last_page":"1635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7123914361000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.5885023474693298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5319177508354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.5002443790435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boreal","display_name":"Boreal","score":0.44047677516937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"Moisture","score":0.4326848089694977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taiga","display_name":"Taiga","score":0.4172448217868805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.4082998037338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.37043890357017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.35357075929641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.1305658519268036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12031933665275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11983969807624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09974735975265503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7123914361000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.5885023474693298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5319177508354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.5002443790435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100537666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q893477","display_name":"Boreal","level":2,"score":0.44047677516937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.4326848089694977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87621631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69564","display_name":"Taiga","level":2,"score":0.4172448217868805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.4082998037338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.37043890357017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.35357075929641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.1305658519268036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12031933665275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11983969807624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09974735975265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2188532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2012.2188532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W623241495","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1957143750","https://openalex.org/W1966866972","https://openalex.org/W1972392924","https://openalex.org/W1992915257","https://openalex.org/W1995151866","https://openalex.org/W2002679701","https://openalex.org/W2014534070","https://openalex.org/W2027380942","https://openalex.org/W2035179364","https://openalex.org/W2044927495","https://openalex.org/W2054239983","https://openalex.org/W2064005663","https://openalex.org/W2066247114","https://openalex.org/W2067386493","https://openalex.org/W2070590910","https://openalex.org/W2072567364","https://openalex.org/W2072903702","https://openalex.org/W2078143000","https://openalex.org/W2078669597","https://openalex.org/W2090348504","https://openalex.org/W2093608156","https://openalex.org/W2097801222","https://openalex.org/W2100401723","https://openalex.org/W2102998469","https://openalex.org/W2105440553","https://openalex.org/W2111350510","https://openalex.org/W2111363125","https://openalex.org/W2116424335","https://openalex.org/W2117255900","https://openalex.org/W2120340076","https://openalex.org/W2122760653","https://openalex.org/W2131138251","https://openalex.org/W2132549823","https://openalex.org/W2133759743","https://openalex.org/W2140510442","https://openalex.org/W2144137496","https://openalex.org/W2148618595","https://openalex.org/W2149344705","https://openalex.org/W2153306914","https://openalex.org/W2155311011","https://openalex.org/W2155607837","https://openalex.org/W2157774578","https://openalex.org/W2161610608","https://openalex.org/W2161749123","https://openalex.org/W2166864828","https://openalex.org/W2167313312","https://openalex.org/W2168301489","https://openalex.org/W2170107986","https://openalex.org/W2170605298","https://openalex.org/W3082120536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093150799","https://openalex.org/W2662533946","https://openalex.org/W193819561","https://openalex.org/W11644078","https://openalex.org/W4205407389","https://openalex.org/W175061559","https://openalex.org/W1983414154","https://openalex.org/W2291835616","https://openalex.org/W2488577384","https://openalex.org/W2080460749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,135],"was":[2,78,149,188],"conducted":[3],"as":[4],"part":[5],"of":[6,63,75,225],"the":[7,44,72,85,98,125,137,160,180,209,216,222],"Soil":[8,102],"Moisture":[9,103],"and":[10,15,20,49,70,90,109,122,162],"Ocean":[11],"Salinity":[12],"(SMOS)":[13],"calibration":[14],"validation":[16],"activities":[17],"over":[18],"agricultural":[19],"boreal":[21],"forest":[22],"sites":[23],"located":[24],"in":[25,104,115,143,151,215],"Saskatchewan,":[26],"Canada.":[27],"For":[28,133],"each":[29],"site":[30],"covering":[31],"33":[32],"km":[33,36],"\u00d7":[34],"71":[35],"(i.e.,":[37],"about":[38],"two":[39],"SMOS":[40,45,86,140,161,184],"pixels),":[41],"we":[42],"examined":[43],"brightness":[46,141],"temperature":[47],"(L1c)":[48],"soil":[50,119,164,185,217,226],"moisture":[51,120,165,186,218],"(L2)":[52],"products":[53,94],"from":[54,124,194],"May":[55],"1":[56],"to":[57,68,71,117,196],"September":[58],"30,":[59],"2010.":[60],"The":[61,154,183],"consistency":[62],"these":[64],"data":[65,155],"with":[66,170,190,221],"respect":[67],"theory":[69],"temporal":[73],"variation":[74],"surface":[76],"characteristics":[77],"first":[79],"discussed":[80],"at":[81],"both":[82,134,159],"sites.":[83],"Then,":[84],"L1c":[87],"(prototype":[88],"346)":[89],"L2":[91],"(prototypes":[92],"305-309)":[93],"were":[95,167],"evaluated":[96],"using":[97],"Canadian":[99],"Experiment":[100],"for":[101,179],"2010":[105],"(CanEx-SM10)":[106],"ground":[107,171],"measurements":[108,172],"L-band":[110],"passive":[111],"microwave":[112],"airborne":[113],"measurements,":[114],"addition":[116],"AMSR-E":[118,163,181],"estimates":[121,219],"simulations":[123],"zeroth":[126],"order":[127],"\u03c4-":[128],"\u03c9":[129],"radiative":[130],"transfer":[131],"model.":[132],"sites,":[136],"model":[138],"underestimated":[139,168,189],"temperatures":[142],"V":[144],"polarization,":[145],"whereas":[146],"an":[147],"overestimation":[148],"observed":[150],"H":[152],"polarization.":[153],"sets":[156],"showed":[157,212],"that":[158,213],"values":[166],"compared":[169],"collected":[173],"during":[174],"CanEx-SM10":[175],"but":[176],"less":[177],"so":[178],"estimates.":[182],"product":[187],"a":[191],"RMSE":[192],"varying":[193],"0.15":[195],"0.18":[197],"m":[198,203],"<sup":[199,204],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[200,205],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sup>":[201,206],"/":[202],".":[207],"Furthermore,":[208],"overall":[210],"results":[211],"errors":[214],"increased":[220],"absolute":[223],"value":[224],"moisture.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}