{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986850070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2174999","title":"A New Method for Cross-Normalization and Multitemporal Visualization of SAR Images for the Detection of Flooded Areas","display_name":"A New Method for Cross-Normalization and Multitemporal Visualization of SAR Images for the Detection of Flooded Areas","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986850070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2174999","mag":"1986850070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2174999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2174999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046309830","display_name":"Silvana Dellepiane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-5198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvana G. Dellepiane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysical and Electronic Engineering (DIBE), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","Dept. of Biophys. & Electron. Eng. (DIBE), Univ. of Genoa, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysical and Electronic Engineering (DIBE), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biophys. & Electron. Eng. (DIBE), Univ. of Genoa, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000876165","display_name":"Elena Angiati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Angiati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysical and Electronic Engineering (DIBE), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","Dept. of Biophys. & Electron. Eng. (DIBE), Univ. of Genoa, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysical and Electronic Engineering (DIBE), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biophys. & Electron. Eng. (DIBE), Univ. of Genoa, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.965,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96323668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"7","first_page":"2765","last_page":"2779"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7947028279304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7071349620819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.652562141418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5879126191139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.49756625294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.4735226631164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.45997878909111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4576526880264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.44695010781288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.4385581314563751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.22838497161865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18747282028198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15343961119651794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7947028279304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7071349620819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.652562141418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5879126191139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.49756625294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4735226631164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.45997878909111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4576526880264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.44695010781288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.4385581314563751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.22838497161865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18747282028198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15343961119651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2174999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2174999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/393466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/393466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313804","display_name":"Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri","ror":"https://ror.org/050xp5d36"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1242785560","https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W1566144858","https://openalex.org/W1604361744","https://openalex.org/W1632557683","https://openalex.org/W1638973387","https://openalex.org/W1755667267","https://openalex.org/W1964200721","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2003873102","https://openalex.org/W2005186780","https://openalex.org/W2005779189","https://openalex.org/W2018742520","https://openalex.org/W2034073840","https://openalex.org/W2039862629","https://openalex.org/W2040225117","https://openalex.org/W2046245205","https://openalex.org/W2057124985","https://openalex.org/W2058245799","https://openalex.org/W2058743274","https://openalex.org/W2059393271","https://openalex.org/W2063904099","https://openalex.org/W2078985447","https://openalex.org/W2086970160","https://openalex.org/W2089633860","https://openalex.org/W2091115035","https://openalex.org/W2092413998","https://openalex.org/W2111345113","https://openalex.org/W2130094715","https://openalex.org/W2137213180","https://openalex.org/W2142810222","https://openalex.org/W2144965243","https://openalex.org/W2145496986","https://openalex.org/W2155146657","https://openalex.org/W2171817982","https://openalex.org/W2750989048","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W4251807571","https://openalex.org/W4302070335","https://openalex.org/W6627952806","https://openalex.org/W6636678535","https://openalex.org/W6743532363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2585813813","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2096748030","https://openalex.org/W3016428515","https://openalex.org/W2160730947","https://openalex.org/W2747205507","https://openalex.org/W2917196883","https://openalex.org/W1908997176","https://openalex.org/W2081203575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Whenever":[0],"multitemporal":[1,192],"synthetic":[2],"aperture":[3],"radar":[4,71],"(SAR)":[5],"images":[6,134,149,159,227],"are":[7,15,160,197,228],"available,":[8],"precise":[9],"calibration":[10,29,42],"and":[11,34,52,101,113,124,142,157,200,225,245],"perfect":[12],"spatial":[13,170],"registration":[14],"required":[16],"to":[17,65,91,132,164,206,214,234],"obtain":[18],"a":[19,31,182,215,231],"useful":[20],"image":[21,74,99,107,233],"for":[22],"displaying":[23],"changes":[24],"that":[25,43],"have":[26],"occurred.":[27],"SAR":[28,62,193],"is":[30,89,146,222],"very":[32,198],"complex":[33],"sensitive":[35],"problem;":[36],"some":[37],"errors":[38],"may":[39],"persist":[40],"after":[41],"interfere":[44],"with":[45,110,242],"subsequent":[46],"steps":[47,126],"in":[48,96,128,135,210,240],"the":[49,57,66,86,102,133,140,143,151,166,179,186,208,237],"data":[50,111],"fusion":[51,112],"visualization":[53,114],"process.":[54],"Because":[55],"of":[56,61,70,105,139,181],"strong":[58],"histogram":[59,122],"asymmetry":[60],"images,":[63],"due":[64],"well-known":[67],"non-Gaussian":[68],"model":[69],"backscattering,":[72],"traditional":[73],"preprocessing":[75,84],"procedures":[76],"cannot":[77],"be":[78],"used":[79],"here.":[80],"A":[81],"novel":[82],"specific":[83],"phase,":[85],"so-called":[87,187],"\u201ccross-calibration/normalization,\u201d":[88],"proposed":[90,117],"solve":[92],"this":[93,218],"problem.":[94],"This,":[95],"turn,":[97],"facilitates":[98],"enhancement":[100],"numerical":[103],"comparison":[104,241],"different":[106,169],"takes":[108],"together":[109],"processes.":[115],"The":[116,137,195],"processing":[118],"chain":[119],"includes":[120],"filtering,":[121],"truncation,":[123],"equalization":[125],"applied":[127],"an":[129,176],"adaptive":[130],"way":[131],"question.":[136],"design":[138],"method":[141],"experimental":[144],"procedure":[145],"based":[147],"on":[148],"from":[150,191],"Italian":[152],"Cosmo/Skymed":[153],"mission.":[154],"Both":[155],"Stripmap":[156],"Spotlight":[158],"taken":[161],"into":[162,230],"account":[163],"test":[165],"algorithms":[167],"at":[168],"resolutions.":[171],"This":[172],"paper":[173],"also":[174],"presents":[175],"example":[177],"application:":[178],"generation":[180],"single":[183],"flood":[184,189],"picture,":[185],"\u201cfast-ready":[188],"map,\u201d":[190],"images.":[194],"maps":[196],"quickly":[199],"automatically":[201],"generated":[202],"without":[203],"user":[204],"interaction":[205],"support":[207],"authorities":[209],"providing":[211],"first":[212],"aid":[213],"population.":[216],"Toward":[217],"end,":[219],"RGB":[220],"composition":[221],"used:":[223],"pre-flood":[224],"post-flood":[226],"combined":[229],"color":[232],"better":[235],"identify":[236],"flooded":[238],"areas":[239],"permanent":[243],"water":[244],"other":[246],"classes.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}