{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147820447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2169454","title":"Soil Moisture Retrieval Using Time-Series Radar Observations Over Bare Surfaces","display_name":"Soil Moisture Retrieval Using Time-Series Radar Observations Over Bare Surfaces","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147820447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2169454","mag":"2147820447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2169454","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2169454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102751060","display_name":"Seung-Bum Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-5617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Bum Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090757725","display_name":"Leung Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leung Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004567285","display_name":"Joel T. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-6059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel T. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101989411","display_name":"Shaowu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-8502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaowu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066893692","display_name":"J.J. van Zyl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob J. van Zyl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108353611","display_name":"E. G. Njoku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8460-9823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eni G. Njoku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91875572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"5","first_page":"1853","last_page":"1863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5939733982086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47061827778816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.46364203095436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.433156818151474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40516623854637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1917543113231659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5939733982086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47061827778816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.46364203095436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.433156818151474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40516623854637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1917543113231659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2169454","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2169454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90319413","https://openalex.org/W1597222998","https://openalex.org/W1957811280","https://openalex.org/W1968389545","https://openalex.org/W1973527930","https://openalex.org/W1986506131","https://openalex.org/W2023533196","https://openalex.org/W2027087459","https://openalex.org/W2039348932","https://openalex.org/W2044927495","https://openalex.org/W2086982992","https://openalex.org/W2092055157","https://openalex.org/W2108990991","https://openalex.org/W2109898366","https://openalex.org/W2114569030","https://openalex.org/W2114711020","https://openalex.org/W2117466868","https://openalex.org/W2123094729","https://openalex.org/W2123744475","https://openalex.org/W2132977795","https://openalex.org/W2133013453","https://openalex.org/W2135875801","https://openalex.org/W2138149909","https://openalex.org/W2139736890","https://openalex.org/W2139832286","https://openalex.org/W2142669908","https://openalex.org/W2143682006","https://openalex.org/W2144447636","https://openalex.org/W2151586007","https://openalex.org/W2155279708","https://openalex.org/W2155694030","https://openalex.org/W2163283072","https://openalex.org/W2163642873","https://openalex.org/W2166140414","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,119,165],"time-series":[1,82],"algorithm":[2,124],"is":[3,47,53,92,215,221],"proposed":[4],"to":[5,173,206,208,224],"retrieve":[6],"bare":[7,37,238],"surface":[8,75,230,239],"soil":[9,112,148,162,184],"moisture":[10,113,149,163,185],"and":[11,18,147,194],"rms":[12,89,103,145,161,179,199],"height":[13,90,104,146,200],"using":[14,55,135,168],"two":[15,159],"copolarized":[16],"(HH":[17],"VV)":[19],"L-band":[20],"backscattering":[21],"coefficients":[22],"(\u03c30).":[23],"The":[24,70,99],"retrieval":[25,71,219],"approach":[26],"inverts":[27],"a":[28,43,56,87,107,140,155,187],"forward":[29,45],"model":[30,46,66],"for":[31,94,234],"radar":[32,128],"scattering":[33],"from":[34,63],"an":[35,178],"isotropic":[36],"surface.":[38],"Because":[39],"real-time":[40],"inversion":[41,52],"of":[42,61,101,122,157,181,190,210,228,236],"complex":[44],"often":[48],"computationally":[49],"impractical,":[50],"the":[51,81,95,110,229,237],"implemented":[54],"precomputed":[57],"lookup":[58],"table":[59],"representation":[60],"\u03c30obtained":[62],"numerical":[64],"Maxwell":[65],"in":[67,160,195,211,226],"3-D":[68],"simulations.":[69],"process":[72],"assumes":[73],"that":[74,85,133,218],"roughness":[76,231],"properties":[77],"are":[78,202],"constant":[79],"during":[80],"interval,":[83],"so":[84],"only":[86],"single":[88],"estimate":[91,105],"produced":[93],"entire":[96],"time":[97,117,137,152,175],"series.":[98],"use":[100],"this":[102,123],"as":[106],"constraint":[108],"simplifies":[109],"associated":[111],"retrievals":[114,134],"at":[115,150],"each":[116,151],"step.":[118],"Monte-Carlo":[120],"simulation":[121],"with":[125,186],"0.7":[126],"dB":[127],"measurement":[129],"error":[130,180],"(1-sigma)":[131],"shows":[132,177],"six":[136],"steps":[138,176],"outperform":[139],"\u201csnapshot\u201d":[141],"method":[142],"(which":[143],"retrieves":[144],"step)":[153],"by":[154],"factor":[156],"about":[158],"error.":[164],"second":[166],"study":[167],"measured":[169],"data":[170],"having":[171],"6":[172],"11":[174],"0.044":[182],"cm3/cm3for":[183],"correlation":[188,232],"coefficient":[189],"0.89":[191],"between":[192],"retrieved":[193],"situ":[196,212],"data.":[197],"Surface":[198],"estimates":[201],"also":[203,216],"found":[204],"accurate":[205],"10":[207],"30%":[209],"measurements.":[213],"It":[214],"shown":[217],"performance":[220],"not":[222],"sensitive":[223],"errors":[225],"knowledge":[227],"length":[233],"most":[235],"conditions":[240],"examined.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
