{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049496639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2167340","title":"Validating SMOS Ocean Surface Salinity in the Atlantic With Argo and Operational Ocean Model Data","display_name":"Validating SMOS Ocean Surface Salinity in the Atlantic With Argo and Operational Ocean Model Data","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049496639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2167340","mag":"2049496639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2167340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2167340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037663992","display_name":"Christopher J. Banks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4457-0876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Banks","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK","Nat. Oceanogr. Centre, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Oceanogr. Centre, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043285144","display_name":"Christine Gommenginger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6941-1671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine P. Gommenginger","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK","Nat. Oceanogr. Centre, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Oceanogr. Centre, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078760699","display_name":"Meric Srokosz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7347-7411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meric A. Srokosz","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK","Nat. Oceanogr. Centre, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Oceanogr. Centre, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113591378","display_name":"Helen M. Snaith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329245128","display_name":"British Oceanographic Data Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03102fn17","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329245128","https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I197940685","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen M. Snaith","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK","British Oceanogr. Data Centre, Nat. Oceanogr. Centre, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329245128","https://openalex.org/I197940685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Oceanogr. Data Centre, Nat. Oceanogr. Centre, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9418399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"5","first_page":"1688","last_page":"1702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sss*","display_name":"SSS*","score":0.958573043346405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argo","display_name":"Argo","score":0.9483746290206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6710125803947449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","score":0.5372436046600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.49365100264549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.46501949429512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4584569036960602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity","display_name":"Salinity","score":0.4357687830924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3440483808517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21425631642341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.1965545415878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19412928819656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13591933250427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07362130284309387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148699463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492668","display_name":"SSS*","level":2,"score":0.958573043346405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51614570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647931","display_name":"Argo","level":2,"score":0.9483746290206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6710125803947449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.5372436046600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.49365100264549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.46501949429512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4584569036960602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.4357687830924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3440483808517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21425631642341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.1965545415878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19412928819656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13591933250427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07362130284309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2167340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2167340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:208145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/208145/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:308145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/308145/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400758","display_name":"NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141816643","host_organization_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Publication - Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2141841917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"noc010012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5700176411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"noc010012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8080121216","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/F00009X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8634871067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/F00009X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","display_name":"Sight Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2py885"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1179308211","https://openalex.org/W1562305598","https://openalex.org/W1978219549","https://openalex.org/W1992089881","https://openalex.org/W2019377624","https://openalex.org/W2054023067","https://openalex.org/W2056684301","https://openalex.org/W2081643758","https://openalex.org/W2093411179","https://openalex.org/W2101323543","https://openalex.org/W2125758596","https://openalex.org/W2141219203","https://openalex.org/W2142928279","https://openalex.org/W2151606929","https://openalex.org/W2162352783","https://openalex.org/W2165770613","https://openalex.org/W2293673475","https://openalex.org/W6627618529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049496639","https://openalex.org/W2006761511","https://openalex.org/W4312578013","https://openalex.org/W3001611209","https://openalex.org/W3206969232","https://openalex.org/W2563790898","https://openalex.org/W2048087895","https://openalex.org/W2039880985","https://openalex.org/W2388889035","https://openalex.org/W3153458872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,72],"paper":[1,73],"provides":[2,39,120],"an":[3,167],"assessment":[4],"of":[5,8,30,33,42,169,200],"synoptic":[6],"measurements":[7],"sea":[9],"surface":[10],"salinity":[11,135],"(SSS)":[12],"from":[13,48,100,117,126,162,187,209],"the":[14,27,31,79,163,188,201,235,252],"European":[15,198],"Space":[16],"Agency":[17],"Soil":[18],"Moisture":[19],"and":[20,70,109,146,176,215,227],"Ocean":[21,193,202],"Salinity":[22],"(SMOS)":[23],"satellite.":[24],"Due":[25],"to":[26,36,225,248],"complex":[28],"nature":[29],"response":[32],"L-band":[34],"signals":[35],"SSS,":[37],"SMOS":[38,61,101,160,180,232,238],"three":[40,49,164],"values":[41],"SSS":[43,58,64,98,116,125,130,143,161,181,208,218,239],"at":[44],"each":[45],"grid":[46,90],"point":[47],"different":[50],"forward":[51],"models.":[52],"To":[53],"meet":[54],"oceanographic":[55],"requirements":[56],"for":[57,91,197],"retrieval":[59],"accuracy,":[60],"Level":[62,84],"2":[63],"products":[65,86],"are":[66,102,166,183],"averaged":[67],"over":[68,132,251],"time":[69],"space.":[71],"reports":[74],"on":[75,82,87],"validation":[76],"studies":[77],"in":[78,103,142,156,159,231],"Atlantic":[80],"based":[81],"monthly":[83],"3":[85],"a":[88,154,220],"1\u00b0\u00d71\u00b0":[89],"September":[92,114],"2010.":[93],"Outside":[94],"coastal":[95],"regions,":[96],"large-scale":[97],"patterns":[99],"general":[104],"agreement":[105],"with":[106],"climatology,":[107],"Argo,":[108],"ocean":[110],"model":[111],"output.":[112],"During":[113],"2010,":[115,152],"descending":[118,147,177],"passes":[119,128,148],"reasonable":[121],"quantitative":[122],"estimates,":[123],"while":[124],"ascending":[127,145,175],"overestimates":[129],"by":[131],"1":[133],"practical":[134],"unit":[136],"(psu).":[137],"The":[138],"daily":[139],"mean":[140],"difference":[141],"between":[144,174],"varies":[149],"during":[150],"August-December":[151],"reaching":[153],"maximum":[155],"September.":[157],"Differences":[158],"models":[165],"order":[168],"magnitude":[170],"smaller":[171],"than":[172],"differences":[173],"passes.":[178],"Gridded":[179],"data":[182,223],"compared":[184],"against":[185,213,241],"output":[186],"U.K.":[189],"Met":[190],"Office":[191],"Forecasting":[192],"Assimilation":[194],"Model":[195],"(FOAM)-Nucleus":[196],"Modelling":[199],"(NEMO).":[203],"Basic":[204],"checks":[205],"confirm":[206],"that":[207,216],"FOAM-NEMO":[210,217,242],"is":[211,219,243],"unbiased":[212],"Argo":[214],"useful":[221],"independent":[222],"source":[224],"validate":[226],"rapidly":[228],"identify":[229],"departures":[230],"SSS.":[233],"Over":[234],"whole":[236],"Atlantic,":[237],"variability":[240],"around":[244],"0.9":[245],"psu,":[246],"decreasing":[247],"0.5":[249],"psu":[250],"subtropical":[253],"North":[254],"Atlantic.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
