{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128533856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2161672","title":"Ambiguity Suppression by Azimuth Phase Coding in Multichannel SAR Systems","display_name":"Ambiguity Suppression by Azimuth Phase Coding in Multichannel SAR Systems","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128533856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2161672","mag":"2128533856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2161672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2161672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035104732","display_name":"Federica Bordoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9908-8775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federica Bordoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013091291","display_name":"Marwan Younis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-7371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwan Younis","raw_affiliation_strings":["German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038360917","display_name":"Gerhard Krieger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-0285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Krieger","raw_affiliation_strings":["German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035104732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":78.661,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99709152,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"2","first_page":"617","last_page":"629"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8227473497390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7956787347793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7060328722000122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.46997493505477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-looking-airborne-radar","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","score":0.4528643786907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43222931027412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.42477965354919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4245070517063141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3760727047920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34985482692718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.2704172134399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2481176257133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20869001746177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11707505583763123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10724329948425293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.8227473497390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7956787347793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7060328722000122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.46997493505477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62282787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831483","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","level":5,"score":0.4528643786907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43222931027412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.42477965354919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4245070517063141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3760727047920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34985482692718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.2704172134399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2481176257133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20869001746177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11707505583763123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10724329948425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2161672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2161672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:70209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2161672>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:75106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57001798","https://openalex.org/W86549454","https://openalex.org/W128583597","https://openalex.org/W202005338","https://openalex.org/W1788914796","https://openalex.org/W1827588644","https://openalex.org/W1988549476","https://openalex.org/W2006803898","https://openalex.org/W2025969570","https://openalex.org/W2061438449","https://openalex.org/W2100235001","https://openalex.org/W2100856811","https://openalex.org/W2110964282","https://openalex.org/W2127065135","https://openalex.org/W2139520547","https://openalex.org/W2140990782","https://openalex.org/W2144706123","https://openalex.org/W2146012904","https://openalex.org/W2149342143","https://openalex.org/W2155140153","https://openalex.org/W2157982334","https://openalex.org/W2164690373","https://openalex.org/W2283462884","https://openalex.org/W2321585011","https://openalex.org/W2535243374","https://openalex.org/W3214953536","https://openalex.org/W6602305339","https://openalex.org/W6605219782","https://openalex.org/W6608113887","https://openalex.org/W6638579509","https://openalex.org/W6675303217","https://openalex.org/W6682942386","https://openalex.org/W6695656665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1908474219","https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2612690400","https://openalex.org/W2081203575","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2160730947","https://openalex.org/W2138403211","https://openalex.org/W2041414401","https://openalex.org/W2540140465","https://openalex.org/W2103752381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,102],"current":[1],"generation":[2,91],"of":[3,82,92,104,136,145],"spaceborne":[4],"synthetic":[5],"aperture":[6],"radar":[7],"(SAR)":[8],"systems":[9,109,155],"suffers":[10],"from":[11],"a":[12,158,161],"tradeoff":[13],"between":[14],"the":[15,42,47,80,84,88,120,130,133,137],"achievable":[16],"spatial":[17],"resolution":[18],"and":[19,37,69,74,160],"swath":[20],"width.":[21],"This":[22,77],"has":[23],"motivated":[24],"intensive":[25],"research":[26],"both":[27],"on":[28,38,97,100,132,157],"more":[29],"flexible":[30],"SAR":[31,60,94,108,139,154],"systems,":[32,61,95],"using":[33],"multiple":[34],"transmit/receive":[35],"channels,":[36],"techniques":[39],"for":[40,64,72],"removing":[41],"ambiguities.":[43,76],"Among":[44],"these":[45],"techniques,":[46],"azimuth":[48],"phase":[49],"coding":[50],"(APC),":[51],"recently":[52],"proposed":[53],"to":[54,87,106,118,128],"suppress":[55],"range":[56],"ambiguities":[57],"in":[58],"conventional":[59],"stands":[62],"out":[63],"its":[65,70],"negligible":[66],"implementation":[67],"complexity":[68],"effectiveness":[71],"point":[73],"distributed":[75],"paper":[78],"investigates":[79],"possibility":[81],"applying":[83],"APC":[85,105,121,134,146],"technique":[86],"new,":[89],"forthcoming":[90],"multichannel":[93,107,153],"based":[96,156],"digital":[98],"beamforming":[99],"receive.":[101],"extension":[103],"is":[110,126,148],"mathematically":[111],"described.":[112],"Specific":[113],"merit":[114],"figures":[115],"are":[116],"defined":[117],"quantify":[119],"performance.":[122],"A":[123],"numerical":[124],"analysis":[125],"developed":[127],"characterize":[129],"influence":[131],"behaviors":[135],"main":[138],"system":[140],"parameters.":[141],"Finally,":[142],"an":[143],"example":[144],"performance":[147],"provided,":[149],"by":[150],"considering":[151],"two":[152],"planar":[159],"reflector":[162],"antenna.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
