{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098401450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2160269","title":"A Surface-Based Imaging Method for Water Vapor and Liquid Clouds Using a Scanning Radiometer at 91 GHz","display_name":"A Surface-Based Imaging Method for Water Vapor and Liquid Clouds Using a Scanning Radiometer at 91 GHz","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098401450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2160269","mag":"2098401450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2160269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2160269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042246161","display_name":"O. St\u00e4hli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Stahli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","Inst. of Appl. Phys., Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Appl. Phys., Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027439327","display_name":"Christian M\u00e4tzler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Matzler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","Inst. of Appl. Phys., Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Appl. Phys., Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082071078","display_name":"Axel Murk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-844X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Murk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","Inst. of Appl. Phys., Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Appl. Phys., Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037503840","display_name":"Niklaus K\u00e4mpfer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklaus Kampfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","Inst. of Appl. Phys., Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Appl. Phys., Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042246161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2232,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63417564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"9","first_page":"3273","last_page":"3280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cirrus","display_name":"Cirrus","score":0.7893345952033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-vapor","display_name":"Water vapor","score":0.7381346821784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6412948966026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.5897158980369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.5692936182022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5188835263252258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4774613678455353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.43415367603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3399425148963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.29177600145339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2364431917667389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2200426161289215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093125","display_name":"Cirrus","level":2,"score":0.7893345952033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147534773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190120","display_name":"Water vapor","level":2,"score":0.7381346821784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6412948966026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.5897158980369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.5692936182022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5188835263252258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4774613678455353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.43415367603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3399425148963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.29177600145339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2364431917667389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2200426161289215}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2160269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2160269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:10138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/10138/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401086","display_name":"Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","host_organization_name":"University of Bern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"St\u00e4hli, Oliver; M\u00e4tzler, Christian; Murk, Axel; K\u00e4mpfer, Niklaus (2011). A Surface-Based Imaging Method for Water Vapor and Liquid Clouds Using a Scanning Radiometer at 91 GHz. IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, 49(9), pp. 3273-3280. New York, N.Y.: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2160269 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2160269>","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520428197","https://openalex.org/W1930954223","https://openalex.org/W1965895339","https://openalex.org/W1966093814","https://openalex.org/W1974477445","https://openalex.org/W1982157970","https://openalex.org/W1995905135","https://openalex.org/W2003377970","https://openalex.org/W2008218040","https://openalex.org/W2064157911","https://openalex.org/W2072565955","https://openalex.org/W2074387530","https://openalex.org/W2090018931","https://openalex.org/W2127037910","https://openalex.org/W2144015322","https://openalex.org/W2149872048","https://openalex.org/W2150067632","https://openalex.org/W2364056120","https://openalex.org/W4241302106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362757354","https://openalex.org/W4248832905","https://openalex.org/W2188428660","https://openalex.org/W3006474185","https://openalex.org/W2063863367","https://openalex.org/W4286279395","https://openalex.org/W4251278052","https://openalex.org/W2048221357","https://openalex.org/W2340112247","https://openalex.org/W751870123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45],"Scanning":[1],"Polarimetric":[2],"Imaging":[3],"RAdiometer":[4],"at":[5],"91":[6],"GHz":[7],"with":[8,56,61,86,191],"an":[9],"angular":[10],"resolution":[11],"of":[12,20,37,97,119,133,155,160,171],"0.5\u00b0":[13],"was":[14,70,137],"used":[15,127],"to":[16,73,103,128,140,183,188],"investigate":[17],"the":[18,21,32,67,74,84,98,105,110,122,130,142,147,167,175,179],"dynamics":[19],"atmosphere.":[22],"We":[23],"introduced":[24],"a":[25,35,41,153],"new":[26],"imaging":[27,100],"method":[28,101],"by":[29],"continuously":[30],"scanning":[31],"sky":[33,55,60,149],"over":[34],"range":[36],"elevation":[38],"angles":[39],"in":[40,83],"fixed":[42],"azimuth":[43],"direction.":[44],"measurements":[46,186],"were":[47,81,115,126],"realized":[48],"during":[49],"three":[50],"different":[51],"situations:":[52],"clear":[53,148],"sky,":[54],"water":[57,87,134,144,156,172],"clouds,":[58,168],"and":[59,187],"cirrus":[62,91],"clouds.":[63,88,135],"In":[64,89,178],"most":[65],"situations,":[66],"scan":[68,123,176],"direction":[69],"nearly":[71],"parallel":[72],"mean":[75],"atmospheric":[76],"flow.":[77],"Particularly":[78],"interesting":[79],"structures":[80],"found":[82],"images":[85,162],"contrast,":[90],"clouds":[92],"are":[93],"highly":[94],"transparent.":[95],"Simulations":[96],"applied":[99],"helped":[102],"interpret":[104],"cloud":[106,111],"images,":[107],"particularly":[108],"concerning":[109],"movement.":[112],"Characteristic":[113],"shapes":[114],"identified":[116],"as":[117,166],"signatures":[118,165],"motions":[120],"along":[121,174],"line,":[124],"which":[125],"estimate":[129,141],"horizontal":[131],"velocity":[132],"It":[136],"also":[138],"possible":[139],"integrated":[143],"vapor":[145,157,173],"from":[146],"images.":[150],"They":[151],"allow":[152],"visualization":[154],"parcels.":[158],"Some":[159],"these":[161,185],"contain":[163],"similar":[164],"indicating":[169],"advection":[170],"line.":[177],"future,":[180],"we":[181],"plan":[182],"extend":[184],"combine":[189],"them":[190],"multifrequency":[192],"observations.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}