{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2096325786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2125973","title":"The High-Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer for the Global Hawk Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Instrument Description and Performance","display_name":"The High-Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer for the Global Hawk Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Instrument Description and Performance","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2096325786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2125973","mag":"2096325786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2125973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2125973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032985552","display_name":"Shannon Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-8537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shannon T. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010478491","display_name":"Bjorn Lambrigtsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-9881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjorn Lambrigtsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079786099","display_name":"Richard Denning","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard F. Denning","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056424048","display_name":"Todd Gaier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Gaier","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112228194","display_name":"Pekka Kangaslahti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka Kangaslahti","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066203441","display_name":"Boon Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-5827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boon H. Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073963086","display_name":"Jordan Tanabe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan M. Tanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050546651","display_name":"Alan Tanner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan B. Tanner","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87366452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"9","first_page":"3291","last_page":"3301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.666640043258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6396975517272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.5910835266113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-sounding","display_name":"Depth sounding","score":0.48575690388679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.4445892572402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-vapor","display_name":"Water vapor","score":0.4227038323879242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.41002845764160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.39171767234802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3528694212436676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1949257254600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17240163683891296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16668426990509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.146517813205719}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.666640043258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6396975517272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.5910835266113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55510283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382947","display_name":"Depth sounding","level":2,"score":0.48575690388679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.4445892572402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147534773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190120","display_name":"Water vapor","level":2,"score":0.4227038323879242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.41002845764160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.39171767234802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3528694212436676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1949257254600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17240163683891296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16668426990509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.146517813205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2125973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2125973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W306967842","https://openalex.org/W1974477445","https://openalex.org/W2022166453","https://openalex.org/W2036871872","https://openalex.org/W2092146217","https://openalex.org/W2098238955","https://openalex.org/W2105158579","https://openalex.org/W2111730440","https://openalex.org/W2113985751","https://openalex.org/W2121230924","https://openalex.org/W2125274574","https://openalex.org/W2156334161","https://openalex.org/W2173283950","https://openalex.org/W3023366752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381259876","https://openalex.org/W2016007472","https://openalex.org/W2360231461","https://openalex.org/W2413930784","https://openalex.org/W2140108161","https://openalex.org/W2005776842","https://openalex.org/W1983957298","https://openalex.org/W2165236048","https://openalex.org/W3083143242","https://openalex.org/W2097128340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59,160],"Jet":[1],"Propulsion":[2],"Laboratory's":[3],"High-Altitude":[4],"Monolithic":[5],"Microwave":[6],"Integrated":[7],"Circuit":[8],"(MMIC)":[9],"Sounding":[10],"Radiometer":[11],"(HAMSR)":[12],"is":[13,83,130,163],"a":[14,87],"25-channel":[15],"cross-track":[16],"scanning":[17],"microwave":[18],"sounder":[19],"with":[20],"channels":[21],"near":[22],"the":[23,30,67,70,80,84,95,100,111,184,193,208],"60-":[24],"and":[25,29,49,52,141,156,166,187,200,216,226],"118-GHz":[26],"oxygen":[27],"lines":[28],"183-GHz":[31,96],"water-vapor":[32,125],"line.":[33],"It":[34],"has":[35,146,167],"previously":[36],"participated":[37,182],"in":[38,102,183],"three":[39],"hurricane":[40],"field":[41],"campaigns,":[42],"namely,":[43],"CAMEX-4":[44],"(2001),":[45],"Tropical":[46],"Cloud":[47],"Systems":[48],"Processes":[50,190],"(2005),":[51],"NASA":[53,185],"African":[54],"Monsoon":[55],"Multidisciplinary":[56],"Analyses":[57],"(2006).":[58],"HAMSR":[60,119,145,181],"instrument":[61],"was":[62],"recently":[63],"extensively":[64],"upgraded":[65],"for":[66],"deployment":[68],"on":[69,192],"Global":[71],"Hawk":[72],"(GH)":[73],"unmanned":[74],"aerial":[75],"vehicle":[76],"platform.":[77],"One":[78],"of":[79,86,207,213],"major":[81,128],"upgrades":[82],"addition":[85],"front-end":[88],"low-noise":[89],"amplifier,":[90],"developed":[91],"by":[92],"JPL,":[93],"to":[94,105,120,170,195],"channel":[97,104],"which":[98],"reduces":[99],"noise":[101],"this":[103],"less":[106],"than":[107,173],"0.1":[108],"K":[109,175],"at":[110],"sensor":[112],"resolution":[113],"(~2":[114],"km).":[115],"This":[116],"will":[117],"enable":[118],"observe":[121],"much":[122],"smaller":[123],"scale":[124],"features.":[126],"Another":[127],"upgrade":[129],"an":[131],"enhanced":[132],"data":[133,143],"system":[134],"that":[135],"provides":[136],"onboard":[137],"science":[138],"processing":[139],"capability":[140],"real-time":[142],"access.":[144],"been":[147,168],"well":[148],"characterized,":[149],"including":[150],"passband":[151],"characterization,":[152,155],"along-scan":[153],"bias":[154],"calibrated":[157],"noise-performance":[158],"characterization.":[159],"absolute":[161],"calibration":[162],"determined":[164],"in-flight":[165],"estimated":[169],"be":[171],"better":[172],"1.5":[174],"from":[176],"previous":[177],"campaigns.":[178],"In":[179],"2010,":[180],"Genesis":[186],"Rapid":[188],"Intensification":[189],"campaign":[191],"GH":[194],"study":[196],"tropical":[197],"cyclone":[198],"genesis":[199],"rapid":[201],"intensification.":[202],"HAMSR-derived":[203],"products":[204,220],"include":[205,221],"observations":[206],"atmospheric":[209],"state":[210],"through":[211],"retrievals":[212],"temperature,":[214],"water-vapor,":[215],"cloud-liquid-water":[217],"profiles.":[218],"Other":[219],"convective":[222],"intensity,":[223],"precipitation":[224],"content,":[225],"3-D":[227],"storm":[228],"structure.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}