{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116330837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2119321","title":"Three-Dimensional Imaging of Targets Using Colocated MIMO Radar","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Imaging of Targets Using Colocated MIMO Radar","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116330837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2119321","mag":"2116330837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2119321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2119321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101770863","display_name":"Changzheng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-9172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changzheng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tat Soon Yeo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tat Soon Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003833002","display_name":"Chee\u2010Seng Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2474-6942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28490864","display_name":"DSO National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/03e05fb06","country_code":"SG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee Seng Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSO National Laboratories, Singapore","DSO National Laboratories , Singapore , Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSO National Laboratories, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSO National Laboratories , Singapore , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054410967","display_name":"Zhoufeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-4879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132586189","display_name":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0360zcg91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhoufeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China","Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":105.0633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99808461,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"8","first_page":"3009","last_page":"3021"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7095469236373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6684811115264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-compensation","display_name":"Motion compensation","score":0.6456164717674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.6446584463119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5973053574562073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4682539403438568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46149858832359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45261743664741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.42921650409698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-looking-airborne-radar","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","score":0.4112406373023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.391140878200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36816275119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20236006379127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.07966071367263794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.7095469236373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6684811115264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128840427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302174","display_name":"Motion compensation","level":2,"score":0.6456164717674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.6446584463119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5973053574562073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4682539403438568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46149858832359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45261743664741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.42921650409698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62282787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831483","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","level":5,"score":0.4112406373023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.391140878200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36816275119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20236006379127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.07966071367263794}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2011.2119321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2119321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/57658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/57658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65255600","https://openalex.org/W2002558396","https://openalex.org/W2014601006","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2024889414","https://openalex.org/W2049674095","https://openalex.org/W2063258319","https://openalex.org/W2083506609","https://openalex.org/W2095290417","https://openalex.org/W2098567533","https://openalex.org/W2100189946","https://openalex.org/W2102884688","https://openalex.org/W2107816413","https://openalex.org/W2107855478","https://openalex.org/W2108292344","https://openalex.org/W2108625419","https://openalex.org/W2117341388","https://openalex.org/W2119485048","https://openalex.org/W2120596570","https://openalex.org/W2125856058","https://openalex.org/W2130632339","https://openalex.org/W2131805207","https://openalex.org/W2137302695","https://openalex.org/W2138706041","https://openalex.org/W2139010382","https://openalex.org/W2140626908","https://openalex.org/W2141171639","https://openalex.org/W2141503510","https://openalex.org/W2144465873","https://openalex.org/W2150296982","https://openalex.org/W2154992791","https://openalex.org/W2156510693","https://openalex.org/W2158695700","https://openalex.org/W2165868512","https://openalex.org/W2169263958","https://openalex.org/W2169881085","https://openalex.org/W2378536107","https://openalex.org/W3145175200","https://openalex.org/W3147323350","https://openalex.org/W3188818167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007886977","https://openalex.org/W1777074644","https://openalex.org/W2128890580","https://openalex.org/W2112228652","https://openalex.org/W1994788526","https://openalex.org/W2108352898","https://openalex.org/W1915418828","https://openalex.org/W2108697546","https://openalex.org/W2383271330","https://openalex.org/W4281769129"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"inverse":[1],"synthetic":[2],"aperture":[3,50],"radar":[4],"image":[5,61],"is":[6,30,90,105],"a":[7,12,47,58,79,94],"2-D":[8],"range-Doppler":[9],"projection":[10],"of":[11,111],"target":[13,29,113],"and":[14,32,39,51,65],"does":[15],"not":[16],"provide":[17],"3-D":[18,60,80],"information.":[19],"Its":[20],"formation":[21],"also":[22,56,106],"requires":[23],"complex":[24,70],"motion":[25,71],"compensation":[26,72],"when":[27],"the":[28,35,69,109,112],"uncooperative":[31],"maneuvering.":[33],"On":[34],"other":[36],"hand,":[37],"multiple-input":[38],"multiple-output":[40],"(MIMO)":[41],"radar,":[42],"in":[43,62],"addition":[44],"to":[45],"having":[46],"wide":[48],"virtual":[49],"high":[52],"cross-range":[53],"resolution,":[54],"could":[55],"obtain":[57],"target's":[59],"one":[63],"snapshot":[64],"thus":[66],"have":[67],"avoided":[68],"needed.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"paper,":[76],"we":[77],"propose":[78],"imaging":[81],"algorithm":[82],"using":[83],"three":[84],"MIMO":[85],"configurations.":[86],"The":[87],"signal":[88],"model":[89],"derived":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93],"modified":[95],"zero":[96],"correlation":[97],"zone":[98],"code.":[99],"A":[100],"strong":[101],"scatterer":[102],"selection":[103],"criterion":[104],"proposed":[107],"for":[108],"construction":[110],"profile.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}