{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2096547511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2103565","title":"Aerial Radiometric and Video Measurements of Whitecap Coverage","display_name":"Aerial Radiometric and Video Measurements of Whitecap Coverage","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2096547511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2103565","mag":"2096547511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2010.2103565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2103565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002688326","display_name":"Justin P. Bobak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-0145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Justin P. Bobak","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., DC, USA","U.S Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058230124","display_name":"William E. Asher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-896X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138199","display_name":"University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03d17d270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William E. Asher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Appl. Phys. Lab., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Appl. Phys. Lab., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022269081","display_name":"David J. Dowgiallo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Dowgiallo","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., DC, USA","U.S Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014987714","display_name":"Magdalena D. Anguelova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena D. Anguelova","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., DC, USA","U.S Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002688326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4429,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81978161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"6","first_page":"2183","last_page":"2193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.8060338497161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.7675377726554871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.668412446975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.6421934366226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.593774676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.558667004108429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.5571611523628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5336340665817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.45557087659835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.42144787311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.36351847648620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16795170307159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1431075930595398}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8060338497161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.7675377726554871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.668412446975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.6421934366226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.593774676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.558667004108429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.5571611523628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5336340665817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.45557087659835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42144787311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.36351847648620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16795170307159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1431075930595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2010.2103565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2103565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.855.861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.855.861","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://magde.info/main/texts/journals/2011_TGRS_Bobaketal.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W297500279","https://openalex.org/W1488014784","https://openalex.org/W1570014645","https://openalex.org/W1992132625","https://openalex.org/W1993485260","https://openalex.org/W2018920355","https://openalex.org/W2025340585","https://openalex.org/W2027362352","https://openalex.org/W2027830932","https://openalex.org/W2042061218","https://openalex.org/W2048204493","https://openalex.org/W2048801813","https://openalex.org/W2051241051","https://openalex.org/W2059163348","https://openalex.org/W2103196703","https://openalex.org/W2118725824","https://openalex.org/W2123846254","https://openalex.org/W2125978011","https://openalex.org/W2128899474","https://openalex.org/W2133983893","https://openalex.org/W2137238367","https://openalex.org/W2144136119","https://openalex.org/W2146104749","https://openalex.org/W2148893343","https://openalex.org/W2160918457","https://openalex.org/W2168903352","https://openalex.org/W2169395109","https://openalex.org/W3016228221","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381259876","https://openalex.org/W2016007472","https://openalex.org/W2360231461","https://openalex.org/W2413930784","https://openalex.org/W2140108161","https://openalex.org/W2005776842","https://openalex.org/W2063863367","https://openalex.org/W1983957298","https://openalex.org/W751870123","https://openalex.org/W2109355119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,13,20,30,46,56,60,75,81,85,105,119,128,136,198,219,223,228,232,237,242,253,259,264,282],"results":[4],"of":[5,15,22,32,36,55,77,79,83,89,104,135,142,222,227,236,252,284,286,296,298],"high-altitude":[6],"microwave":[7,69,254],"radiometric":[8,40],"and":[9,39,145,153,165,181,189,211,288],"video":[10,229],"measurements":[11,35,276,308],"in":[12,49,247],"presence":[14],"breaking":[16,239],"waves":[17,240],"made":[18,277],"during":[19],"passage":[21],"Hurricane":[23],"Dean":[24],"on":[25,45,74,241,281,309],"August":[26],"21,":[27],"2007,":[28],"over":[29],"Gulf":[31],"Mexico.":[33],"Previous":[34],"foam":[37,52,86,120],"fraction":[38,87],"brightness":[41,90,123,160,171,206,248],"temperature":[42,91,124,249],"have":[43,72],"focused":[44],"small":[47],"scale,":[48],"which":[50,71],"individual":[51],"patches":[53],"were":[54,115,173,192],"same":[57],"scale":[58,76],"as":[59,271],"radiometer":[61,186],"footprint.":[62],"To":[63],"work":[64],"with":[65,109,127,157,209,214,258,278,293],"data":[66,191,289],"from":[67,96,175,194,250,291],"spaceborne":[68],"radiometers,":[70],"footprints":[73,94],"tens":[78,285,297],"kilometers,":[80],"knowledge":[82],"how":[84],"sensitivity":[88],"scales":[92,280,295],"when":[93],"increase":[95,246],"meters":[97,287],"to":[98,117],"kilometers":[99,299],"is":[100],"necessary.":[101],"Video":[102],"images":[103],"sea":[106],"surface":[107],"recorded":[108],"a":[110],"high-resolution":[111],"monochrome":[112],"digital":[113],"camera":[114],"used":[116],"determine":[118],"fraction.":[121],"Ocean-surface":[122],"was":[125,202,256],"measured":[126,162,208,262],"Airborne":[129],"Polarimetric":[130],"Microwave":[131,179],"Imaging":[132],"Radiometer":[133],"(APMIR)":[134],"Naval":[137],"Research":[138],"Laboratory":[139],"at":[140,163],"frequencies":[141],"6.6":[143],"[vertical":[144],"horizontal":[146],"(VH)":[147],"polarizations],":[148],"6.8":[149],"(VH),":[150,152],"7.2":[151],"10.7":[154],"GHz":[155],"(V),":[156],"full":[158],"polarimetric":[159],"temperatures":[161,172,207],"19.35":[164],"37.0":[166],"GHz.":[167],"Collocated":[168],"nearly":[169],"contemporaneous":[170],"available":[174],"WindSat,":[176],"Special":[177,182],"Sensor":[178,183],"Imager/Sounder,":[180],"Microwave/Imager":[184],"satellite":[185],"overpasses.":[187],"Oceanographic":[188],"meteorological":[190],"taken":[193],"buoys":[195],"located":[196],"along":[197],"flight":[199],"track.":[200],"There":[201],"good":[203],"correlation":[204],"between":[205,275],"APMIR":[210],"satellite-borne":[212],"radiometers":[213],"absolute":[215],"differences":[216],"largely":[217],"within":[218],"expected":[220],"uncertainty":[221],"data.":[224],"An":[225],"analysis":[226],"imagery":[230],"provided":[231],"fractional":[233],"area":[234],"coverage":[235,261],"actively":[238],"ocean":[243],"surface.":[244],"The":[245,266],"each":[251],"sensors":[255],"correlated":[257],"whitecap":[260],"by":[263],"camera.":[265],"experiment":[267],"not":[268],"only":[269],"serves":[270],"an":[272],"important":[273],"bridge":[274],"spatial":[279,294],"order":[283],"collected":[290],"satellites":[292],"but":[300],"also":[301],"provides":[302],"guidance":[303],"for":[304],"improving":[305],"future":[306],"field":[307],"this":[310],"topic.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}