{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099316955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2060204","title":"Scattering and Doppler Spectral Analysis for Two-Dimensional Linear and Nonlinear Sea Surfaces","display_name":"Scattering and Doppler Spectral Analysis for Two-Dimensional Linear and Nonlinear Sea Surfaces","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099316955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2060204","mag":"2099316955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2010.2060204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2060204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358299","display_name":"Xiaofei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3785-0741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., Beihang Univ., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., Beihang Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028237858","display_name":"Xiaojian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-5775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., Beihang Univ., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., Beihang Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8973,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89993332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"2","first_page":"603","last_page":"611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crosswind","display_name":"Crosswind","score":0.8125653862953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.7131117582321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.5816159248352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.5573287010192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5143142938613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-broadening","display_name":"Doppler broadening","score":0.442655086517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.4239060878753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.40793606638908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line","display_name":"Spectral line","score":0.37161773443222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3153652250766754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2934655547142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.10831663012504578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95082708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931037","display_name":"Crosswind","level":2,"score":0.8125653862953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.7131117582321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.5816159248352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.5573287010192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5143142938613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62103226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902598","display_name":"Doppler broadening","level":3,"score":0.442655086517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4239060878753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.40793606638908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.37161773443222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3153652250766754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2934655547142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.10831663012504578}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2010.2060204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2060204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309374","display_name":"Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337628","display_name":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1022063496","https://openalex.org/W1589426502","https://openalex.org/W1963742414","https://openalex.org/W1974176187","https://openalex.org/W2003019109","https://openalex.org/W2010116569","https://openalex.org/W2023265280","https://openalex.org/W2035566985","https://openalex.org/W2049060475","https://openalex.org/W2059906541","https://openalex.org/W2063376949","https://openalex.org/W2099317576","https://openalex.org/W2100253587","https://openalex.org/W2101347039","https://openalex.org/W2102156227","https://openalex.org/W2102551390","https://openalex.org/W2103084843","https://openalex.org/W2105572471","https://openalex.org/W2113162734","https://openalex.org/W2113476111","https://openalex.org/W2116324381","https://openalex.org/W2121660500","https://openalex.org/W2124205094","https://openalex.org/W2126369707","https://openalex.org/W2133596865","https://openalex.org/W2145384550","https://openalex.org/W2146008987","https://openalex.org/W2164302758","https://openalex.org/W2478698305","https://openalex.org/W4297846306","https://openalex.org/W6674839091","https://openalex.org/W6678691782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2773466867","https://openalex.org/W1501942172","https://openalex.org/W2077994085","https://openalex.org/W1981655025","https://openalex.org/W2089624481","https://openalex.org/W2038728333","https://openalex.org/W2038502123","https://openalex.org/W2345921164","https://openalex.org/W2149924452","https://openalex.org/W2099316955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two-dimensional":[0],"linear":[1,53,135,169],"and":[2,24,64,80,136,153],"second-order":[3,14],"Creamer":[4,45,66,137,158,186,203,218],"[Creamer":[5],"(2)]":[6],"nonlinear":[7,34,113,233],"sea-surface":[8],"models":[9],"are":[10,95,131],"combined":[11],"with":[12,165,172],"the":[13,21,25,36,61,65,84,93,109,112,117,124,128,134,150,168,173,181,213,217,224,238],"small-slope":[15],"approximation":[16],"method":[17],"to":[18,33,90,211,244],"comparatively":[19],"study":[20],"electromagnetic":[22],"scattering":[23,57],"Doppler":[26,125,151,182,225],"spectral":[27,154,183],"characteristics":[28,226],"from":[29,44,60,242],"sea":[30],"surfaces.":[31],"Due":[32],"hydrodynamics,":[35],"bistatic":[37],"normalized":[38],"radar":[39],"cross":[40],"section":[41],"(NRCS)":[42],"calculated":[43],"(2)":[46,67,138,159,187,219],"surfaces":[47,139,160,188],"is":[48,88,120,145,189],"slightly":[49],"larger":[50,178],"than":[51],"its":[52],"surface":[54,68,107,114],"counterpart":[55],"for":[56,74,83,133,177,185,207,227],"angles":[58,77],"departing":[59],"specular":[62],"direction,":[63,86],"backscattering":[69],"coefficient":[70],"increases":[71],"as":[72,98,147,191,193,237],"well":[73],"wind":[75,229,239],"direction":[76,240],"around":[78],"upwind":[79,243],"downwind,":[81],"whereas,":[82],"crosswind":[85],"it":[87],"interesting":[89],"note":[91],"that":[92,149,200,232],"observations":[94],"contrary.":[96],"However,":[97,176],"was":[99,194],"pointed":[100],"out":[101],"by":[102],"Toporkov":[103],"in":[104,196],"a":[105],"1-D":[106,174,198],"case,":[108],"effect":[110],"of":[111,127,156,167,216,223],"model":[115],"on":[116],"average":[118],"NRCS":[119],"minute.":[121],"In":[122],"particular,":[123],"spectra":[126],"backscattered":[129],"echoes":[130],"compared":[132,164],"at":[140],"various":[141],"incident":[142,179],"angles.":[143],"It":[144],"seen,":[146],"expected,":[148],"shifts":[152],"widths":[155],"2-D":[157],"exhibit":[161],"different":[162,228],"features":[163],"those":[166],"surfaces,":[170],"agreeing":[171],"cases.":[175],"angles,":[180],"broadening":[184],"not":[190],"severe":[192],"reported":[195],"previous":[197],"studies":[199,222],"used":[201],"full":[202],"model.":[204],"The":[205],"reason":[206],"this":[208],"discrepancy":[209],"appears":[210],"be":[212],"reduced":[214],"nature":[215],"approximation.":[220],"Moreover,":[221],"directions":[230],"demonstrate":[231],"effects":[234],"become":[235],"weaker":[236],"varies":[241],"crosswind.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
