{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144181289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2048717","title":"Modeling Rough-Surface and Granular Scattering at Terahertz Frequencies Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method","display_name":"Modeling Rough-Surface and Granular Scattering at Terahertz Frequencies Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144181289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2048717","mag":"2144181289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2010.2048717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2048717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036050731","display_name":"Garth Sundberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garth Sundberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Portland State Univ., Portland, OR, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Portland State Univ., Portland, OR, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089601387","display_name":"Lisa M. Zurk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa M. Zurk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Portland State Univ., Portland, OR, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Portland State Univ., Portland, OR, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042525909","display_name":"Scott Schecklman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-5602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Schecklman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Portland State Univ., Portland, OR, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Portland State Univ., Portland, OR, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051451806","display_name":"S. C. Henry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Henry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Portland State Univ., Portland, OR, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Portland State Univ., Portland, OR, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8975,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91485194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"10","first_page":"3709","last_page":"3719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.694771409034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.5962343215942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-difference-time-domain-method","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","score":0.5048390030860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rough-surface","display_name":"Rough surface","score":0.4955238103866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-difference-method","display_name":"Finite difference method","score":0.4935113191604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4559709131717682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.411868155002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.394756555557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3068239092826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28780239820480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14211905002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.10573622584342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09008491039276123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.694771409034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.5962343215942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184880428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417308","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","level":2,"score":0.5048390030860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018343705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Rough surface","level":2,"score":0.4955238103866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205951836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147751","display_name":"Finite difference method","level":2,"score":0.4935113191604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4559709131717682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.411868155002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.394756555557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3068239092826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28780239820480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14211905002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10573622584342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09008491039276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2010.2048717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2048717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu:ece_fac-1251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/ece_fac/252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196300","display_name":"PDXScholar  (Portland State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","host_organization_name":"Portland State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309913","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524573041","https://openalex.org/W1570895503","https://openalex.org/W1661217331","https://openalex.org/W1661856146","https://openalex.org/W1979445893","https://openalex.org/W1995353860","https://openalex.org/W1996847570","https://openalex.org/W2018048720","https://openalex.org/W2019444773","https://openalex.org/W2041943345","https://openalex.org/W2042013197","https://openalex.org/W2042303904","https://openalex.org/W2058934935","https://openalex.org/W2086321479","https://openalex.org/W2090843874","https://openalex.org/W2095699499","https://openalex.org/W2096645076","https://openalex.org/W2115651029","https://openalex.org/W2119197486","https://openalex.org/W2119434750","https://openalex.org/W2121660500","https://openalex.org/W2127405049","https://openalex.org/W2136645722","https://openalex.org/W2142063750","https://openalex.org/W2149234507","https://openalex.org/W2150295396","https://openalex.org/W2154837689","https://openalex.org/W2158881364","https://openalex.org/W2160758452","https://openalex.org/W2169917081","https://openalex.org/W2478698305","https://openalex.org/W4205182410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026721846","https://openalex.org/W2111391262","https://openalex.org/W1535855622","https://openalex.org/W1548012860","https://openalex.org/W1726839885","https://openalex.org/W2046276315","https://openalex.org/W2146454888","https://openalex.org/W2073770626","https://openalex.org/W1976440487","https://openalex.org/W2139216374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exploration":[0],"of":[1,6,23,40,57,64,68,79,100,117,120,174],"the":[2,7,41,50,55,62,70,76,92,98,109,118,121,124,129,166],"terahertz":[3],"(THz)":[4],"portion":[5],"electromagnetic":[8],"spectrum":[9],"has":[10],"recently":[11],"expanded":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,26,66,96,107,155],"advances":[15],"in":[16,49,157],"ultrafast":[17],"optical":[18],"laser":[19],"systems.":[20],"The":[21],"application":[22,38],"THz":[24,51,58,101],"imaging":[25,102],"detect":[27],"explosive":[28],"materials":[29,74],"(and":[30],"other":[31],"chemical":[32],"agents)":[33],"is":[34,60,105,134],"a":[35,171],"promising":[36],"potential":[37],"because":[39],"unique":[42],"spectral":[43,93,168],"signatures":[44],"found":[45],"for":[46,126,164],"many":[47],"explosives":[48],"band.":[52],"However,":[53],"since":[54],"wavelength":[56],"radiation":[59],"on":[61],"order":[63],"tens":[65],"hundreds":[67],"micrometers,":[69],"rough":[71,151],"interface":[72],"between":[73],"and":[75,112,123,146,178],"granular":[77,144],"nature":[78],"material":[80,167],"mixtures":[81],"(such":[82],"as":[83],"explosives)":[84],"may":[85],"cause":[86],"frequency-dependent":[87],"scattering,":[88],"which":[89],"could":[90],"mask":[91],"signature.":[94],"Thus,":[95],"evaluate":[97],"effectiveness":[99],"systems,":[103],"it":[104],"necessary":[106],"characterize":[108],"combined":[110],"volume":[111],"rough-surface":[113],"scattering":[114],"effects.":[115],"Because":[116],"complexity":[119],"media":[122,145],"requirement":[125],"broadband":[127],"modeling,":[128],"finite-difference":[130],"time-domain":[131],"(FDTD)":[132],"formulation":[133],"an":[135],"ideal":[136],"tool.":[137],"In":[138],"this":[139],"paper,":[140],"transmission":[141],"measurements":[142,148,175],"through":[143],"reflection":[147],"from":[149,170],"controlled":[150],"surfaces":[152],"are":[153,176],"shown":[154],"be":[156],"good":[158],"agreement":[159],"with":[160],"FDTD":[161],"results.":[162],"Methods":[163],"extracting":[165],"peaks":[169],"limited":[172],"number":[173],"presented":[177],"discussed.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}