{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120156002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2046493","title":"Simulating X-Band Interferometric Height in a Spruce Forest From Airborne Laser Scanning","display_name":"Simulating X-Band Interferometric Height in a Spruce Forest From Airborne Laser Scanning","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120156002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2046493","mag":"2120156002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2010.2046493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2046493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001913092","display_name":"Svein Solberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-8208"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Svein Solberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066522438","display_name":"Dan Johan Weydahl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163244428","display_name":"Norwegian Defence Research Establishment","ror":"https://ror.org/0098gnz32","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Johan Weydahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112834919","display_name":"E NASSET","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290503407","display_name":"The Research Council of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290503407","https://openalex.org/I4210131556","https://openalex.org/I4210149801"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Nasset","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural University of Norway, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural University of Norway, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290503407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83934239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"9","first_page":"3369","last_page":"3378"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5309590697288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5088443756103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.47439029812812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.43291473388671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38130462169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34710973501205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33910635113716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15670034289360046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5309590697288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.5088443756103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.47439029812812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.43291473388671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38130462169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34710973501205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33910635113716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15670034289360046}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2010.2046493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2046493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321602","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332165","display_name":"National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4pxv54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33774125","https://openalex.org/W274946362","https://openalex.org/W1485225207","https://openalex.org/W1522370673","https://openalex.org/W1966946865","https://openalex.org/W1970674166","https://openalex.org/W1978915895","https://openalex.org/W1990590197","https://openalex.org/W1997731494","https://openalex.org/W2005614584","https://openalex.org/W2025969570","https://openalex.org/W2027672019","https://openalex.org/W2031447484","https://openalex.org/W2031743507","https://openalex.org/W2033499003","https://openalex.org/W2042240612","https://openalex.org/W2044896177","https://openalex.org/W2048163075","https://openalex.org/W2049191558","https://openalex.org/W2056280688","https://openalex.org/W2057992806","https://openalex.org/W2064937324","https://openalex.org/W2080020532","https://openalex.org/W2085741981","https://openalex.org/W2086128494","https://openalex.org/W2099167816","https://openalex.org/W2100749039","https://openalex.org/W2100969332","https://openalex.org/W2111449514","https://openalex.org/W2122920344","https://openalex.org/W2127437700","https://openalex.org/W2132097058","https://openalex.org/W2132685975","https://openalex.org/W2139895702","https://openalex.org/W2148719805","https://openalex.org/W2153557419","https://openalex.org/W2162298841","https://openalex.org/W2162948578","https://openalex.org/W2163640272","https://openalex.org/W2168471196","https://openalex.org/W2168590406","https://openalex.org/W2180622604","https://openalex.org/W2535243374","https://openalex.org/W2539986829","https://openalex.org/W2596514195","https://openalex.org/W2998851120","https://openalex.org/W4235597746","https://openalex.org/W4238842845","https://openalex.org/W4249280788","https://openalex.org/W6678293961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140098331","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421","https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2159160885","https://openalex.org/W2148958581","https://openalex.org/W2910315605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,123,257],"aim":[1],"of":[2,30,56,64,73,91,160,165,194,198,204,253,267,276],"this":[3],"study":[4],"is":[5,58,85,234],"to":[6,13,87,238],"use":[7],"airborne":[8],"laser":[9],"scanning":[10],"(ALS)":[11],"data":[12,21,39,44],"simulate":[14],"synthetic":[15],"aperture":[16],"radar":[17],"interferometry":[18],"(InSAR)":[19],"elevation":[20,23],"[digital":[22],"model":[24,143],"(DEM)]":[25],"from":[26,46,60],"the":[27,61,74,92,129,136,145,171,208,219,223,232,254,268,281],"spatial":[28,62],"distribution":[29,63],"scatterers.":[31],"A":[32,53,138],"Shuttle":[33],"Radar":[34],"Topography":[35],"Mission":[36],"X-band":[37],"DEM":[38,125],"set":[40,45],"and":[41,126,147,162,200,227],"an":[42,152,186],"ALS":[43,65,94],"a":[47,89,163,196,201,214,248],"spruce-dominated":[48],"forest":[49],"area":[50],"are":[51,131],"used.":[52],"3-D":[54],"grid":[55],"voxels":[57],"made":[59],"first":[66],"echoes.":[67],"slant":[69],"angle":[70,252],"penetration":[71,95],"rate":[72,96],"SAR":[75,255],"microwaves":[76],"(":[77,97],"<i":[78,98,106,113,153,187],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[79,82,99,102,107,110,114,117,120,154,157,188,191],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">P</i>":[80,100,108,115],"<sub":[81,101,109,116],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">SAR</sub>":[83,111],")":[84],"simulated":[86,146],"be":[88,243,260],"function":[90],"vertical":[93,250],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ALS</sub>":[103,118],"),":[104],"i.e.,":[105],"=":[112],"<sup":[119,156,190],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">4</sup>":[121],".":[122],"InSAR":[124,149,180,220,269,282],"heights":[127,174],"above":[128],"ground":[130,265],"fairly":[132],"well":[133,272],"reproduced":[134,184],"by":[135,246],"simulator.":[137],"total":[139],"least":[140],"squares":[141],"regression":[142],"between":[144],"measured":[148],"DEMs":[150],"has":[151],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">R</i>":[155,189],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[158,192],"value":[159,193],"0.99":[161],"slope":[164,197],"1":[166],":":[167],"1.":[168],"By":[169],"subtracting":[170],"ALS-based":[172],"terrain":[173,176],"(digital":[175],"model),":[177],"we":[178],"obtained":[179],"heights,":[181],"which":[182,229],"were":[183],"with":[185],"0.78,":[195],"0.96,":[199],"root-mean-square":[202],"error":[203],"2.3":[205],"m.":[206],"With":[207],"simulator,":[209],"it":[210],"was":[211,225],"demonstrated":[212],"how":[213,277],"disturbance":[215],"event":[216],"would":[217],"affect":[218,280],"height.":[221],"Unfortunately,":[222],"relationship":[224],"curvilinear":[226],"concave,":[228],"means":[230],"that":[231],"method":[233],"not":[235],"very":[236],"sensitive":[237],"weak":[239],"disturbances.":[240],"This":[241],"might":[242,259],"partly":[244],"overcome":[245],"using":[247],"more":[249],"incidence":[251],"microwaves.":[256],"simulator":[258],"used":[261],"for":[262],"validation":[263],"or":[264],"truthing":[266],"data,":[270],"as":[271,273],"gaining":[274],"understanding":[275],"vegetation":[278],"changes":[279],"data.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}