{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111942705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2039353","title":"The Importance of Soil Moisture and Soil Structure for InSAR Phase and Backscatter, as Determined by FDTD Modeling","display_name":"The Importance of Soil Moisture and Soil Structure for InSAR Phase and Backscatter, as Determined by FDTD Modeling","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111942705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2039353","mag":"2111942705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2009.2039353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2039353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077333590","display_name":"Bernhard Rabus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-7423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Rabus","raw_affiliation_strings":["MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Limited, Richmond, BC, Canada","Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Limited, Richmond, BC, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004055996","display_name":"Hans Wehn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Wehn","raw_affiliation_strings":["MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Limited, Richmond, BC, Canada","Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Limited, Richmond, BC, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103883587","display_name":"Matt Nolan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Nolan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92851569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"5","first_page":"2421","last_page":"2429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.744817852973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.6514101028442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"Moisture","score":0.6222994923591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5729974508285522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5699702501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5434653162956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5271565318107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.5203311443328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.5019488334655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.4323498606681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.30969899892807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.28205442428588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.13820284605026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.07354098558425903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.744817852973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6514101028442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.6222994923591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5729974508285522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5699702501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.5434653162956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5271565318107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.5203311443328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.5019488334655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.4323498606681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.30969899892807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28205442428588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13820284605026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.07354098558425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2009.2039353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2039353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570895503","https://openalex.org/W1607823060","https://openalex.org/W1970302608","https://openalex.org/W2022658385","https://openalex.org/W2039568611","https://openalex.org/W2069756757","https://openalex.org/W2090843874","https://openalex.org/W2092055157","https://openalex.org/W2095208014","https://openalex.org/W2108337271","https://openalex.org/W2114569030","https://openalex.org/W2117212800","https://openalex.org/W2121479138","https://openalex.org/W2124451488","https://openalex.org/W2125972217","https://openalex.org/W2126835024","https://openalex.org/W2152410078","https://openalex.org/W2157956156","https://openalex.org/W3096869741","https://openalex.org/W6785171267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2617264198","https://openalex.org/W3002173867","https://openalex.org/W1514908879","https://openalex.org/W2006637952","https://openalex.org/W2169517707","https://openalex.org/W1968443835","https://openalex.org/W3046049557","https://openalex.org/W1671295134","https://openalex.org/W3019178188","https://openalex.org/W2114711020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,89],"this":[1,142,242],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,56],"introduce":[4],"a":[5,68,152,157,265,283],"finite-difference":[6],"time-domain":[7],"simulator":[8],"that":[9,75,267],"accurately":[10],"models":[11],"the":[12,62,65,122,132,137,185,192,199,206,249,262],"interaction":[13],"of":[14,64,92,136,141,194,201,224,251,264],"microwaves":[15],"with":[16,191],"realistic":[17,106],"soils,":[18,107],"specifically":[19],"from":[20,127,228],"spaceborne":[21,148],"interferometric":[22,53],"synthetic":[23],"aperture":[24],"radar":[25],"(InSAR).":[26],"The":[27],"modeled":[28],"soils":[29],"are":[30,57,144,177],"characterized":[31],"by":[32,147],"surface":[33],"roughness,":[34],"correlation":[35],"length,":[36],"bulk":[37,79,161],"moisture":[38,41,80,94,124,162,167,182],"content,":[39],"vertical":[40,93,166,181,220],"gradient,":[42],"and":[43,52,55,96,116,169,226,232,261],"small":[44,84,97,170],"air-filled-void":[45,171],"content.":[46],"Simulation":[47],"results":[48],"include":[49],"both":[50],"backscatter":[51,175,186,233,276],"phase,":[54],"particularly":[58],"interested":[59],"in":[60,77,82,104,131,159,197,282],"assessing":[61],"potential":[63],"latter":[66],"as":[67,219],"proxy":[69],"for":[70,114,119,241],"soil":[71,123,271],"moisture.":[72],"We":[73],"find":[74],"differences":[76,86],"homogeneous":[78],"result":[81,281],"only":[83],"phase":[85,110,154,231],"(<":[87],"5?).":[88],"contrast,":[90,198],"combinations":[91],"gradients":[95,221],"air-filled":[98,202],"voids,":[99],"which":[100],"may":[101,210,256,273],"typically":[102],"exist":[103],"more":[105,269],"can":[108],"produce":[109],"changes":[111,140],">":[112,117],"30?":[113],"HH":[115],"50?":[118],"VV":[120],"when":[121],"is":[125,163],"varied":[126],"3%":[128],"to":[129,156,165,213,258,280],"30%":[130],"uppermost":[133],"2":[134],"cm":[135],"soil.":[138],"Phase":[139],"magnitude":[143],"easily":[145],"detectable":[146],"InSAR":[149],"techniques.":[150],"While":[151],"strong":[153],"response":[155,187],"change":[158],"mean":[160],"common":[164],"gradient":[168,183],"cases,":[172],"their":[173],"corresponding":[174],"responses":[176],"very":[178],"different.":[179],"A":[180],"makes":[184],"dramatically":[188],"flatter":[189],"compared":[190],"case":[193],"uniform":[195,253],"moisture;":[196],"introduction":[200],"voids":[203,225],"barely":[204],"alters":[205],"backscatter.":[207],"Thus,":[208],"it":[209],"be":[211,239,259],"possible":[212],"infer":[214],"near-surface":[215],"soil-structure":[216],"parameters":[217],"such":[218],"or":[222],"fractions":[223],"inhomogeneities":[227],"combined":[229],"SAR":[230,236],"data.":[234],"Future":[235],"sensors":[237],"could":[238],"optimized":[240],"purpose.":[243],"Prior":[244],"theoretical":[245],"work":[246],"based":[247],"on":[248],"assumption":[250],"vertically":[252],"soil-moisture":[254],"distributions":[255],"need":[257],"adjusted,":[260],"lack":[263],"theory":[266],"accommodates":[268],"complex":[270],"structures":[272],"explain":[274],"why":[275],"inversions":[277],"have":[278],"yet":[279],"viable":[284],"operational":[285],"system.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
