{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154932568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2034843","title":"Evidence of Rainfall Signatures on X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery Over Land","display_name":"Evidence of Rainfall Signatures on X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery Over Land","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154932568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2034843","mag":"2154932568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2009.2034843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2034843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043070577","display_name":"Frank S. Marzano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-204X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Silvio Marzano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome \"La Sapienza\", Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome \"La Sapienza\", Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085749121","display_name":"Saverio Mori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3392-8687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saverio Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome \"La Sapienza\", Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome \"La Sapienza\", Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112780907","display_name":"J. A. Weinman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James A. Weinman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043070577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1495,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87395165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"2","first_page":"950","last_page":"964"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7759057283401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7509646415710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5913545489311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5080001950263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.49513712525367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.44448211789131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4323175549507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4237521290779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4216074049472809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30620014667510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08021420240402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07069861888885498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7759057283401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7509646415710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5913545489311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5080001950263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49513712525367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.44448211789131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4323175549507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4237521290779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4216074049472809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30620014667510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08021420240402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07069861888885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2009.2034843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2034843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/43378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/43378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44958200","https://openalex.org/W147446552","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1597222998","https://openalex.org/W1826310147","https://openalex.org/W1846509329","https://openalex.org/W1888771347","https://openalex.org/W1957572033","https://openalex.org/W1975023187","https://openalex.org/W1977526892","https://openalex.org/W1986260542","https://openalex.org/W1999146269","https://openalex.org/W2014390050","https://openalex.org/W2015747535","https://openalex.org/W2030562190","https://openalex.org/W2077871235","https://openalex.org/W2079605216","https://openalex.org/W2084952127","https://openalex.org/W2089300891","https://openalex.org/W2099270539","https://openalex.org/W2101606183","https://openalex.org/W2108158416","https://openalex.org/W2108994921","https://openalex.org/W2109898366","https://openalex.org/W2117152271","https://openalex.org/W2140817782","https://openalex.org/W2142140026","https://openalex.org/W2143263634","https://openalex.org/W2148082945","https://openalex.org/W2153098266","https://openalex.org/W2153797500","https://openalex.org/W2155462276","https://openalex.org/W2164440596","https://openalex.org/W2169127520","https://openalex.org/W2172929146","https://openalex.org/W2175875411","https://openalex.org/W2179040032","https://openalex.org/W2180286496","https://openalex.org/W2206866430","https://openalex.org/W2596314412","https://openalex.org/W6639785374","https://openalex.org/W6675928803","https://openalex.org/W6687916958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311063044","https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2008518276","https://openalex.org/W2585813813","https://openalex.org/W2152662390","https://openalex.org/W3110962985","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2081203575","https://openalex.org/W2096748030","https://openalex.org/W3016428515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Five":[0],"spaceborne":[1],"X-band":[2],"synthetic":[3,74],"aperture":[4,75],"radars":[5],"(X-SARs)":[6],"are":[7,99,168,183],"nowadays":[8],"operating,":[9],"and":[10,93,151,165,207],"several":[11],"more":[12],"will":[13],"be":[14,70],"launched":[15],"in":[16,97,102,195],"the":[17,26,53,94,130,189],"coming":[18],"years.":[19],"These":[20],"X-SAR":[21,65,149],"sensors,":[22],"able":[23],"to":[24,37,52,61,72,143,170,185],"image":[25],"Earth's":[27],"surface":[28],"at":[29],"metric":[30],"resolution,":[31],"may":[32],"provide":[33],"a":[34,47,145,200,208],"unique":[35],"opportunity":[36],"measure":[38],"rainfall":[39,80,105,111],"over":[40,91],"land":[41],"with":[42],"spatial":[43],"resolution":[44],"of":[45,104,109,133,210],"about":[46,211],"few":[48],"hundred":[49],"meters":[50],"due":[51],"moving-target":[54],"degradation":[55],"effects.":[56,82],"This":[57],"work":[58],"is":[59,114,140],"devoted":[60],"experimentally":[62],"demonstrate":[63],"this":[64],"capability,":[66],"which":[67],"can":[68],"also":[69],"exploited":[71],"correct":[73],"radar":[76],"(SAR)":[77],"imagery":[78],"for":[79,129],"attenuation":[81],"Several":[83],"case":[84,131],"studies,":[85],"selected":[86],"from":[87,121,174,188],"TerraSAR-X":[88],"(TSX)":[89],"overpasses":[90],"Europe":[92],"southern":[95],"U.S.":[96],"2008,":[98,139],"qualitatively":[100],"analyzed":[101],"terms":[103],"signatures.":[106],"Visual":[107],"validation":[108],"these":[110],"SAR":[112],"signatures":[113],"carried":[115,141],"out":[116,142],"by":[117],"using":[118],"available":[119],"data":[120,127],"ground-based":[122],"weather":[123],"radars.":[124],"A":[125],"detailed":[126],"analysis":[128],"study":[132],"Hurricane":[134],"\u00bfGustav\u00bf":[135],"on":[136,162],"September":[137],"2,":[138],"assess":[144],"quantitative":[146],"correlation":[147,209],"among":[148],"response":[150],"near-surface":[152],"precipitation":[153],"rain":[154,172,181],"rate.":[155],"Two":[156],"simplified":[157],"empirical":[158],"inversion":[159],"algorithms,":[160],"based":[161],"statistical":[163],"regression":[164],"probability":[166],"matching,":[167],"developed":[169],"retrieve":[171],"rate":[173],"TSX":[175],"cross-track":[176],"ground-range":[177],"measurements.":[178],"The":[179],"TSX-retrieved":[180],"fields":[182],"compared":[184],"those":[186],"estimated":[187],"Next":[190],"Generation":[191],"Weather":[192],"Radar":[193],"(NEXRAD)":[194],"Mobile":[196],"(Alabama,":[197],"U.S.),":[198],"showing":[199],"root-mean-square":[201],"error":[202],"less":[203],"than":[204],"15":[205],"mm/h":[206],"0.7.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}