{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142493352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2032537","title":"Scattering Model for a Pine Tree Employing VIE With a Broadband MLFMA and Comparison to ICA","display_name":"Scattering Model for a Pine Tree Employing VIE With a Broadband MLFMA and Comparison to ICA","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142493352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2032537","mag":"2142493352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2009.2032537","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2032537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006627478","display_name":"Tommi Dufva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Dufva","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Espoo, Finland","VTT Tech. Res. Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Tech. Res. Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069103777","display_name":"Jaan Praks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-3569"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Praks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","Department of Radio Science and Engineering , Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio Science and Engineering , Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038807494","display_name":"Seppo J\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-535X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Jarvenpaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","Department of Radio Science and Engineering , Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio Science and Engineering , Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060909519","display_name":"Jukka Sarvas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3277"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Sarvas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","Department of Radio Science and Engineering , Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio Science and Engineering , Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0773,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79666707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"3","first_page":"1119","last_page":"1127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.8135086297988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cylinder","display_name":"Cylinder","score":0.6217241287231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.5301158428192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5271905064582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5121109485626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.47423499822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/method-of-moments","display_name":"Method of moments (probability theory)","score":0.47166216373443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-dipole-approximation","display_name":"Discrete dipole approximation","score":0.4577940106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-scatter","display_name":"Forward scatter","score":0.4443170428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.30049794912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2589702010154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.23000240325927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07332479953765869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.8135086297988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203311528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34132","display_name":"Cylinder","level":2,"score":0.6217241287231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.5301158428192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5271905064582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5121109485626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.47423499822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780033567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6823720","display_name":"Method of moments (probability theory)","level":3,"score":0.47166216373443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49874194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282045","display_name":"Discrete dipole approximation","level":3,"score":0.4577940106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54644633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5473287","display_name":"Forward scatter","level":3,"score":0.4443170428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.30049794912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2589702010154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.23000240325927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07332479953765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2009.2032537","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2009.2032537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520664314","https://openalex.org/W1963750172","https://openalex.org/W1992541517","https://openalex.org/W2000690667","https://openalex.org/W2012342761","https://openalex.org/W2054440081","https://openalex.org/W2070291256","https://openalex.org/W2083989560","https://openalex.org/W2096239413","https://openalex.org/W2099538674","https://openalex.org/W2108762730","https://openalex.org/W2125977797","https://openalex.org/W2146619825","https://openalex.org/W2327505415"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043607297","https://openalex.org/W2014822185","https://openalex.org/W4310830483","https://openalex.org/W1973701322","https://openalex.org/W2003651321","https://openalex.org/W1173479227","https://openalex.org/W2019431654","https://openalex.org/W2071889114","https://openalex.org/W2024736778","https://openalex.org/W4390570884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,204],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,62,104],"present":[4],"accurate":[5,191],"calculations":[6,85],"of":[7,53,59,66,76,150,176],"electromagnetic":[8],"wave":[9],"scattering":[10,68,143,180,209],"from":[11,126,144,167],"a":[12,25,50,87,114,145],"high-detail":[13],"pine":[14,45,71],"tree":[15,46],"model,":[16,30,103,200],"which":[17,31,112],"includes":[18],"also":[19],"the":[20,57,64,70,74,77,80,94,101,123,142,158,161,168,174,177,182,188,190,198,206,211],"needles.":[21,43],"We":[22,82],"have":[23],"deployed":[24],"volume":[26],"integral":[27],"equation":[28],"(VIE)":[29],"takes":[32,119],"into":[33,120],"account":[34,121],"high-order":[35],"reflections":[36,125],"between":[37,41,181,210],"all":[38],"scatterers,":[39],"even":[40],"single":[42,127],"The":[44],"is":[47],"modeled":[48],"as":[49,197],"realistic":[51],"collection":[52,149],"dielectric":[54,151],"cylinders.":[55,128,152],"With":[56],"help":[58],"our":[60,84],"calculations,":[61,160],"assess":[63],"importance":[65,175],"multiple":[67],"inside":[69],"canopy":[72],"and":[73,118,135,147,184],"contribution":[75],"needles":[78,183,212],"to":[79,92],"scattering.":[81],"compare":[83],"with":[86],"much":[88],"simpler":[89,102],"model":[90,111,163,171,193],"output":[91,164],"determine":[93],"validity":[95],"conditions":[96],"for":[97,157,187],"simplified":[98],"approaches.":[99],"As":[100],"use":[105],"an":[106],"infinite":[107],"cylinder":[108,116],"approximation":[109,117],"(ICA)":[110],"uses":[113],"truncated":[115],"only":[122],"first-order":[124],"Both":[129],"models":[130,138],"are":[131],"bistatic,":[132],"fully":[133,136],"coherent,":[134],"polarimetric":[137],"suitable":[139],"in":[140,203],"calculating":[141],"large":[146],"general":[148],"Our":[153],"results":[154,196],"show":[155],"that,":[156,202],"C-band":[159],"VIE":[162,192],"differs":[165],"significantly":[166],"simple":[169],"ICA":[170,199],"output,":[172],"indicating":[173,201],"higher":[178,207],"order":[179,208],"branches.":[185],"However,":[186],"L-band,":[189],"gives":[194],"similar":[195],"case,":[205],"can":[213],"be":[214],"neglected.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
