{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117109821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2008.918648","title":"From Glacier Facies to SAR Backscatter Zones via GPR","display_name":"From Glacier Facies to SAR Backscatter Zones via GPR","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117109821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2008.918648","mag":"2117109821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2008.918648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2008.918648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024479578","display_name":"Kirsty Langley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0500-8971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87302398","display_name":"Norwegian Polar Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03avf6522","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87302398"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kirsty Langley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromso, Norway","University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","University of Troms\u00f8, Tromso, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromso, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87302398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Troms\u00f8, Tromso, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008551871","display_name":"Svein\u2010Erik Hamran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-449X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Svein-Erik Hamran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110243501","display_name":"Kjell Arild H\u00f8gda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800853303","display_name":"Northern Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04wdcx151","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800853303"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kjell Arild Hogda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norut Information Technology Limited, Tromso, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norut Information Technology Limited, Tromso, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800853303"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066425805","display_name":"Rune Storvold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-7566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800853303","display_name":"Northern Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04wdcx151","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800853303"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rune Storvold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norut Information Technology Limited, Tromso, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norut Information Technology Limited, Tromso, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800853303"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113448172","display_name":"Ola Brandt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87302398","display_name":"Norwegian Polar Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03avf6522","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87302398"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ola Brandt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromso, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromso, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87302398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017538085","display_name":"Jack Kohler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-054X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87302398","display_name":"Norwegian Polar Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03avf6522","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87302398"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Kohler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromso, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromso, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87302398"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112189523","display_name":"Jon Ove Hagen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon Ove Hagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024479578"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183","https://openalex.org/I78037679","https://openalex.org/I87302398"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74474345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"9","first_page":"2506","last_page":"2516"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firn","display_name":"Firn","score":0.8310254812240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.8124819993972778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.8080897331237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.7575664520263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.6410048007965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.619637131690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6149627566337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4945192039012909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facies","display_name":"Facies","score":0.492376446723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaciology","display_name":"Glaciology","score":0.47791701555252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.4619361162185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4293510913848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.4173858165740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratigraphy","display_name":"Stratigraphy","score":0.13740137219429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.11172503232955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tectonics","display_name":"Tectonics","score":0.08553797006607056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104730834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828861","display_name":"Firn","level":3,"score":0.8310254812240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.8124819993972778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.8080897331237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.7575664520263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6410048007965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.619637131690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6149627566337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4945192039012909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146588470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742139","display_name":"Facies","level":3,"score":0.492376446723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107018473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52120","display_name":"Glaciology","level":4,"score":0.47791701555252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.4619361162185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4293510913848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.4173858165740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109281948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134783","display_name":"Stratigraphy","level":3,"score":0.13740137219429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.11172503232955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.08553797006607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2008.918648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2008.918648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322892","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136167723","https://openalex.org/W1511978764","https://openalex.org/W1615431362","https://openalex.org/W1622715425","https://openalex.org/W1631741864","https://openalex.org/W1976078963","https://openalex.org/W1978232037","https://openalex.org/W1982491925","https://openalex.org/W1987075760","https://openalex.org/W1992184693","https://openalex.org/W1998037853","https://openalex.org/W1999665163","https://openalex.org/W2000094721","https://openalex.org/W2004280192","https://openalex.org/W2012556732","https://openalex.org/W2019676969","https://openalex.org/W2061699750","https://openalex.org/W2066180185","https://openalex.org/W2079211147","https://openalex.org/W2084553217","https://openalex.org/W2084741651","https://openalex.org/W2086418724","https://openalex.org/W2094427848","https://openalex.org/W2107571896","https://openalex.org/W2131516258","https://openalex.org/W2131903064","https://openalex.org/W2141347633","https://openalex.org/W2160179208","https://openalex.org/W2163125526","https://openalex.org/W3149976863","https://openalex.org/W6636415871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2999635749","https://openalex.org/W2353006831","https://openalex.org/W2887662832","https://openalex.org/W2140999901","https://openalex.org/W124993718","https://openalex.org/W2038823985","https://openalex.org/W251254407","https://openalex.org/W2988395837","https://openalex.org/W4206870260","https://openalex.org/W2616076936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,127],"present":[1],"a":[2,25],"comparison":[3],"between":[4],"data":[5,106],"acquired":[6],"with":[7,109,122],"frequency-modulated":[8],"ground-penetrating":[9],"radar":[10,16],"(GPR)":[11],"and":[12,22,48,60,107,149],"satellite":[13],"synthetic":[14],"aperture":[15],"(SAR).":[17],"Both":[18],"radars":[19],"are":[20,65,117],"polarimetric":[21],"operate":[23],"at":[24],"center":[26],"frequency":[27],"of":[28,56],"5.3":[29],"GHz.":[30],"The":[31,62,114],"field":[32],"site":[33],"is":[34,79,90,101,137,153],"the":[35,45,49,53,69,76,87,94,104,110,123,131,134,142,147,158],"polythermal":[36],"glacier":[37,41,63,125],"Kongsvegen,":[38],"Svalbard.":[39],"Along":[40],"GPR":[42,70,105],"profiles":[43],"cover":[44],"ablation":[46,132],"area":[47],"accumulation":[50],"area,":[51,133],"where":[52],"latter":[54],"consists":[55],"superimposed":[57],"ice":[58,84],"(SI)":[59],"firn.":[61],"facies":[64],"clearly":[66],"identifiable":[67],"on":[68],"profiles,":[71],"although":[72],"we":[73],"show":[74,128],"that":[75],"copolarized":[77],"response":[78,136],"better":[80],"for":[81,103],"distinguishing":[82],"different":[83],"zones,":[85],"whereas":[86],"SI-firn":[88],"boundary":[89],"most":[91],"obvious":[92],"in":[93,118,130],"cross-polarized":[95],"response.":[96],"A":[97],"calibrated":[98],"backscatter":[99,112,140],"coefficient":[100],"calculated":[102],"compared":[108],"SAR":[111,115,135],"coefficient.":[113],"zones":[116],"very":[119],"good":[120],"agreement":[121],"GPR-derived":[124],"facies.":[126],"that,":[129],"dominated":[138,154],"by":[139,155],"from":[141],"previous":[143,159],"summer":[144,160],"surface.":[145,161],"In":[146],"SI":[148],"firn":[150],"areas,":[151],"it":[152],"sources":[156],"below":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}