{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101252963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2002.1010894","title":"Target signature-constrained mixed pixel classification for hyperspectral imagery","display_name":"Target signature-constrained mixed pixel classification for hyperspectral imagery","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101252963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2002.1010894","mag":"2101252963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2002.1010894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2002.1010894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073412670","display_name":"Chein\u2010I Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-4891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6059380","display_name":"University of Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/024gw2733","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6059380"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chein-I Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci.& Electr. Eng., Maryland Univ., Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci.& Electr. Eng., Maryland Univ., Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6059380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073412670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6059380","https://openalex.org/I79272384"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6333,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97267872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"5","first_page":"1065","last_page":"1081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9451000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7279235124588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.6652648448944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6614145040512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.601875364780426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.5951253771781921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-signature","display_name":"Spectral signature","score":0.5505113005638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5374188423156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5079780220985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5063060522079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.4553923010826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4550947844982147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4448551535606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.23088911175727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.0928989052772522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7279235124588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6652648448944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6614145040512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.601875364780426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5951253771781921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176641082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446767","display_name":"Spectral signature","level":2,"score":0.5505113005638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5374188423156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5079780220985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5063060522079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.4553923010826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4550947844982147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4448551535606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.23088911175727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0928989052772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2002.1010894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2002.1010894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69408978","https://openalex.org/W1492221128","https://openalex.org/W1508246414","https://openalex.org/W1532610010","https://openalex.org/W1578368825","https://openalex.org/W1623080549","https://openalex.org/W1966798775","https://openalex.org/W1999542175","https://openalex.org/W2049816125","https://openalex.org/W2060384859","https://openalex.org/W2084134149","https://openalex.org/W2100903394","https://openalex.org/W2117027921","https://openalex.org/W2117741752","https://openalex.org/W2118798900","https://openalex.org/W2121101670","https://openalex.org/W2127062304","https://openalex.org/W2132918507","https://openalex.org/W2137945622","https://openalex.org/W2139206475","https://openalex.org/W2140219630","https://openalex.org/W2144244295","https://openalex.org/W2146365981","https://openalex.org/W2153892887","https://openalex.org/W2154536501","https://openalex.org/W2163436471","https://openalex.org/W2164535280","https://openalex.org/W2181604299","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4400445037","https://openalex.org/W6630266003","https://openalex.org/W6678291742","https://openalex.org/W6685749979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884029982","https://openalex.org/W2738168532","https://openalex.org/W4367471608","https://openalex.org/W1873397793","https://openalex.org/W2037328426","https://openalex.org/W2054439167","https://openalex.org/W2889956472","https://openalex.org/W2012636591","https://openalex.org/W2044594927","https://openalex.org/W2077950840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Linear":[0],"spectral":[1],"mixture":[2,152],"analysis":[3,112,186],"has":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"for":[8],"subpixel":[9],"detection":[10],"and":[11,182],"mixed":[12],"pixel":[13],"classification.":[14],"When":[15],"it":[16,162],"is":[17,55,114],"implemented":[18],"as":[19,72,107,145,172],"constrained":[20,74,110,179,184],"LSMA,":[21],"the":[22,31,100,108,123,166],"constraints":[23,43,156],"are":[24],"generally":[25],"imposed":[26],"on":[27,44,157],"abundance":[28,51],"fractions":[29],"in":[30,65],"mixture.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36],"consider":[37],"an":[38],"alternative":[39],"approach,":[40,142],"which":[41,148],"imposes":[42],"target":[45,50,60,85,140,158],"signature":[46,61,86,159],"vectors":[47,62,87,126],"rather":[48],"than":[49],"fractions.":[52],"The":[53],"idea":[54],"to":[56,71,82,106,130,144,154],"constrain":[57,83],"directions":[58,90,129],"of":[59,63,94,176],"interest":[64],"two":[66],"different":[67],"ways.":[68],"One,":[69],"referred":[70,105,143],"linearly":[73,109,178,183],"minimum":[75,180],"variance":[76,181],"approach":[77],"develops":[78],"a":[79,92,150,173],"linear":[80,118,151],"filter":[81,96,101],"these":[84],"along":[88,127],"preassigned":[89],"using":[91],"set":[93],"specific":[95],"gains":[97],"while":[98],"minimizing":[99],"output":[102],"variance.":[103],"Another,":[104],"discriminant":[111,119,125,185],"(LCDA),":[113],"derived":[115],"from":[116],"Fisher's":[117,124],"analysis,":[120],"but":[121],"constrains":[122],"predetermined":[128],"improve":[131],"classification":[132],"performance.":[133],"Recently,":[134],"Bowles":[135],"et":[136],"al.":[137],"introduced":[138],"another":[139],"signature-constrained":[141],"filter-vectors":[146,167],"method,":[147],"requires":[149],"model":[153],"implement":[155],"vectors.":[160],"Interestingly,":[161],"turns":[163],"out":[164],"that":[165],"method":[168],"can":[169],"be":[170],"considered":[171],"special":[174],"version":[175],"both":[177],"approaches.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}