{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117257554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2002.1000328","title":"Surface roughness and slope measurements using polarimetric SAR data","display_name":"Surface roughness and slope measurements using polarimetric SAR data","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117257554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2002.1000328","mag":"2117257554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2002.1000328","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2002.1000328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103397183","display_name":"D.L. Schuler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.L. Schuler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA","Remote Sensing. Div., Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing. Div., Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057253430","display_name":"Jong-Sen Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-7836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Sen Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA","Remote Sensing. Div., Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing. Div., Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005323432","display_name":"Dayalan Kasilingam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9293-7797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100633361","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/00fzmm222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Kasilingam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; MA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045933864","display_name":"G. Nesti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Nesti","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Microwave Signature Laboratory, EC-Joint Research Centre, Ispra Varese, Italy","[European Microwave Signature Laboratory, EC-Joint Research Centre, Ispra Varese, Italy]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Microwave Signature Laboratory, EC-Joint Research Centre, Ispra Varese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[European Microwave Signature Laboratory, EC-Joint Research Centre, Ispra Varese, Italy]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5165,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98045356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"3","first_page":"687","last_page":"698"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.7560057640075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.6611359715461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-finish","display_name":"Surface finish","score":0.6092292666435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5829800963401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.5458167791366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5348078012466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5162661075592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.5111170411109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.47662532329559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anechoic-chamber","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","score":0.4561883211135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4397600293159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.4206523597240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.41739949584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.33518126606941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.3262433409690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3196127116680145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29513290524482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.28566592931747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15374550223350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.08804866671562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08561322093009949}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.7560057640075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.6611359715461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.6092292666435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5829800963401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.5458167791366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5348078012466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5162661075592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5111170411109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.47662532329559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149712133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332774","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","level":2,"score":0.4561883211135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.4397600293159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.4206523597240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.41739949584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.33518126606941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3262433409690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3196127116680145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29513290524482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28566592931747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15374550223350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.08804866671562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08561322093009949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2002.1000328","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2002.1000328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334426","display_name":"Department of Physics, Harvard University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1695751709","https://openalex.org/W1975454952","https://openalex.org/W1978150863","https://openalex.org/W2001247608","https://openalex.org/W2007108281","https://openalex.org/W2007181289","https://openalex.org/W2023266229","https://openalex.org/W2030553742","https://openalex.org/W2044043851","https://openalex.org/W2078985447","https://openalex.org/W2090664287","https://openalex.org/W2092055157","https://openalex.org/W2114569030","https://openalex.org/W2124362092","https://openalex.org/W2136392237","https://openalex.org/W2138149909","https://openalex.org/W2144447636","https://openalex.org/W2144896701","https://openalex.org/W2148661915","https://openalex.org/W2153967982","https://openalex.org/W2159194444","https://openalex.org/W2159964595","https://openalex.org/W2171284705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169567031","https://openalex.org/W2001172292","https://openalex.org/W1849802015","https://openalex.org/W4239222529","https://openalex.org/W2354873283","https://openalex.org/W2023041720","https://openalex.org/W3097766872","https://openalex.org/W2068843146","https://openalex.org/W2462749609","https://openalex.org/W2469797871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,84],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,81,90,98,111,116,124,129,140,163,169],"circular":[4],"polarization":[5],"coherence,":[6],"/spl":[7,74,77],"rho//sub":[8,63,120,137,158,174],"RRLL/,":[9],"is":[10,86,113,144,160],"investigated":[11],"as":[12],"a":[13,39,58,71,179],"potential":[14],"estimator":[15],"of":[16,61,93,118,135,162,168,172],"terrain":[17],"surface":[18,67,95,125,164],"roughness":[19,68,126,188],"and":[20,37,46,54,127,148],"small-scale":[21,94],"slopes.":[22],"The":[23,133],"studies":[24,53,83],"utilize":[25],"microwave":[26],"backscatter":[27],"collected":[28],"from":[29,191],"1)":[30],"dielectric":[31,165],"surfaces":[32],"in":[33,97],"an":[34,192],"anechoic":[35],"chamber":[36],"2)":[38],"desert":[40],"test":[41],"site":[42],"using":[43,187],"P-,":[44],"L-,":[45],"C-band":[47],"NASA/JPL":[48],"AIRSAR":[49],"data.":[50],"These":[51],"experimental":[52,149],"supporting":[55],"theory,":[56],"indicate":[57],"sensitive":[59],"decrease":[60,85],"|/spl":[62,119,136,157,173],"RRLL/|":[64,121],"with":[65],"increasing":[66],"ks":[69,76],"over":[70],"range":[72],"0":[73],"les/":[75,78],"1.":[79],"For":[80,108,151],"present":[82],"caused":[87],"largely":[88],"by":[89,103,146],"depolarizing":[91],"effects":[92],"slopes":[96],"azimuth":[99],"direction":[100],"rather":[101],"than":[102],"volume,":[104],"or":[105],"multiple":[106],"scatter.":[107],"cases":[109],"when":[110],"scatter":[112],"reflection":[114],"symmetric,":[115],"value":[117],"depends":[122],"on":[123,128,139],"local":[130,141],"incidence":[131,142,181],"angle.":[132],"dependence":[134],"PRRLL/|":[138,159,175],"angle":[143],"supported":[145],"theory":[147],"results.":[150],"these":[152],"same":[153],"scattering":[154],"cases,":[155],"however,":[156],"independent":[161],"constant.":[166],"Estimation":[167],"functional":[170],"dependency":[171],"versus":[176],"ks,":[177],"for":[178],"mid-range":[180],"angle,":[182],"has":[183],"been":[184],"carried":[185],"out":[186],"estimates":[189],"derived":[190],"empirical":[193],"model.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}